Glossary

action query

A type of query that quickly updates information or deletes selected records from a table. See also crosstab query, select query, and parameter query

active cell

The cell that is currently selected and open for editing.

aggregate function

A function, such as Sum, Avg, or Count, that groups fields and performs calculations on the field values.

append query

A query that adds, or appends, records from one or more tables to the end of one or more tables.

Appointment

A block of time you schedule on your calendar that has a defined start time and end time, and to which you do not invite other attendees.

appointment window

The program window displaying the form in which you enter information about an appointment.

Archiving

Moving older or unused items to a secondary location for the purpose of backing up or long-term storage.

Arguments

The specific data a function requires to calculate a value.

arithmetic operator

An operator that is used with numerals: + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), or / (division).

Arrangement

The order in which Microsoft Office Outlook displays messages or other items.

Attribute

Individual items of character formatting, such as style or color, which determine how text looks.

Auditing

The process of examining a worksheet for errors.

AutoArchive

An Outlook feature that automatically archives items meeting specific age and location criteria at regular intervals.

AutoComplete

The ability to complete data entry for a cell based on similar values in other cells in the same column.

AutoCorrect

A feature that corrects common capitalization and spelling errors (such as changing as teh to the) as you type them.

AutoFill

The ability to extend a series of values based on the contents of a single cell.

Background

The underlying scheme, including colors, shading, texture, and graphics, that appears behind the text and objects on a slide.

Bound

Linked, as when a text box is linked to a specific field in a table.

building blocks

Frequently used text saved in a gallery, from which it can be inserted quickly into a document.

bullet point

An item in a list in which each list entry is preceded by a symbol, rather than by a number.

calendar item windows

Collectively refers to the program windows displaying the forms in which you enter information about appointments, meetings, and events.

Case

The capitalization (uppercase or lowercase) of a word or phrase. In title case, the first letter of all important words is capitalized. In sentence case, only the first letter of the first word is capitalized.

Cell

A box at the intersection of a column and row in a table or worksheet.

cell address

The location of a cell, expressed as its column letter and row number, as in A1.

cell range

A group of cells.

character formatting

The collection of attributes applied to text.

character spacing

The space between characters, which can be expanded or contracted so that characters are pushed apart or pulled together.

character style

A variation of a font, such as bold or italic.

Click and Type

A feature that allows you to double-click a blank area of a document to position the insertion point in that location, with the appropriate paragraph alignment already in place.

Clipboard

A storage area shared by all Office programs where cut or copied items are stored.

color scheme

A set of 12 complementary colors used for different elements of a PowerPoint slide. A color scheme consists of a background color, a color for lines and text, and additional colors balanced to provide a professional look.

column

In a chart, a vertical representation of plotted data from a table or worksheet. In page layout, the area between margins where text is allowed to flow. (Pages can have a single column or multiple columns.)

column break

A break inserted in the text of a column to force the text below it to move to the next column.

combo box

A control that displays a list of choices when you click the arrow on its right side. It might also allow you to enter a different choice from those available on the list.

command button

A control that appears as a button, which performs an action when clicked.

comparison operator

An operator that compares values: < (less than), > (greater than), and = (equal to). These operators can also be combined, as in <= (less than or equal to), >= (greater than or equal to), and <> (not equal to).

conditional formula

A formula that calculates a value using one of two different expressions, depending on whether a third expression is true or false.

constant

A part of an expression that represents a constant value.

control property

A setting, accessible through the Properties dialog box, that determines a control’s appearance, and what kind of data it can display.

control source

The Access object, such as a field, table, or query, to which a control is bound. See also record source.

crosstab query

A query that calculates a sum, average, count, or other type of total for data that is grouped by two types of information. See also action query, parameter query, and select query.

custom slide show

A set of slides extracted from a presentation to create a slide show for an audience that doesn’t need to see the entire presentation.

database application

A database that is made easier to use by the inclusion of queries, forms, reports, a switchboard, custom categories and groups, and various other tools.

Date Navigator

The small calendar that appears next to the appointment area in the Outlook Calendar. The Date Navigator provides a quick and easy way to change and view dates.

delete query

A query that deletes records that match a specified pattern from one or more tables.

demote

In an outline, the process of changing a heading to a lower-level heading or body text.

dependents

The cells with formulas that use the value from a particular cell.

deselect

Clicking away from selected data or controls to release the selection.

design grid

In Design view, the grid in which you can manually work with advanced filters and queries.

design template

A presentation file containing only design elements that can be used as a basis for creating new presentations.

desktop publishing

A process that creates pages by combining text and objects such as tables and graphics in a visually appealing way.

destination file

A file into which you insert an object created in another program.

Dialog Box Launcher

A button that launches a dialog box containing options for refining a command.

digital signature

A security mechanism used on the Internet that relies on two keys, one public and one private, that are used to encrypt messages before transmission and to decrypt them on receipt.

Document Map

A pane that displays a linked outline of a document’s headings and allows you to jump to a heading in the document by clicking it in the Document Map.

document window

The window that provides a workspace for an open document.

document workspace

A temporary space, usually on a Microsoft SharePoint site, dedicated to a single document. It provides a forum where everyone can work from a single location.

draft

A temporary copy of a message that has not yet been sent, located in the Drafts folder.

Draft view

A view that displays the content of a document with a simplified layout.

drag-and-drop editing

A way of moving or copying selected text by dragging it with the mouse pointer.

dragging

A way of moving objects by pointing to them, holding down the mouse button, moving the mouse pointer to the desired location, and releasing the button.

duplicate query

A type of select query that finds records containing identical information in one or more specified fields.

e-mail

Short for electronic mail; messages sent between defined entities over the Internet.

e-mail signature

A block of text that is appended to the end of a message you send.

e-mail trail

An e-mail message and all responses to that message. When an individual message receives multiple responses, the e-mail trail can branch into multiple trails. You can view all the branches of an e-mail trail in Conversation view.

embedded object

An object that is created in a different program but that is incorporated into a Word document.

empty string

An Access field that has two quotation marks with nothing in between. Access is able to differentiate between an empty string and a Null (blank) field.

error code

A brief message that appears in a worksheet cell, describing a problem with a formula or a function.

event

An action, including Click, Double Click, Mouse Down, Mouse Move, and Mouse Up, to which code can be attached. The events recognized by an object are listed on the Event tab in the object’s Property Sheet pane.

event window

The program window displaying the form in which you enter information about an event.

expression

A combination of functions, field values, constants, and operators that can be used to assign properties to tables or forms, to determine values in fields or reports, as a part of a query, and in many other places. Also known as a formula.

Expression Builder

A tool with which you can quickly create expressions (formulas) in queries, forms, and reports.

field

A placeholder that tells Word to supply the specified information in the specified way. Also, the set of information of a specific type in a data source, such as all the last names in a contacts list.

field property

A property that controls what can be put into a field and how it can be placed there.

fill handle

The square at the lower right corner of a cell you drag to indicate other cells that should hold values in the series defined by the active cell.

Fill Series

The ability to extend a series of values based on the contents of two cells, where the first cell has the starting value for the series and the second cell shows the increment.

filtering

A way to organize information so that some combination of characters is displayed or excluded from the display.

firing event

The phrase used to describe when objects signal events in a form.

floating toolbar

A toolbar that is not docked on any side of the program window. You can move a floating toolbar to any location on your screen, within or outside of the program window.

flow

The way text continues from the bottom of one column to the top of the next column.

font

A complete set of characters that all have the same design.

font color

One of a range of colors that can be applied to text.

font effect

An attribute, such as superscript, small capital letters, or shadow, that can be applied to a font.

font size

The size of the characters in a font, in points.

font style

An attribute that changes the look of text. The most common font styles are regular (or plain), italic, bold, and bold italic.

formula

An expression used to calculate a value.

Formula AutoComplete

The ability to enter a formula quickly by selecting functions, named ranges, and table references that appear when you begin to type the formula into a cell.

Full Screen Reading view

A view that displays as much of the content of the document as will fit in the screen at a size that is comfortable for reading.

function

A named procedure or routine in a program, often used for mathematical or financial calculations.

gallery

A grouping of thumbnails that display options visually.

global formatting

A theme or style applied to an entire document.

gridlines

Lines that visually clarify the information in a chart.

group

A category of buttons on a tab.

hover

To pause the pointer over an object, such as a menu name or button, for a second or two to display more information, such as a submenu or ScreenTip.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

In Outlook, an e-mail message format that supports paragraph styles, character styles, and backgrounds. Most e-mail programs support the HTML format.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A protocol used to access Web pages from the Internet.

Importance

The property defining the urgency of a message or other Outlook item. The default setting is Normal; you can optionally change the setting for an individual item or for all items to High or Low.

indent marker

A marker on the horizontal ruler that controls the indentation of text from the left or right side of a document.

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

An e-mail–handling protocol that organizes messages on the server, and you choose messages to download by viewing their headers.

justify

To make all lines of text in a paragraph or column fit the width of the document or column, with even margins on each side.

landscape

The orientation of a horizontal page whose width is larger that its height.

line break

A manual break that forces the text that follows it to the next line. Also called a text.

linked object

An object that exists in a source file and that is inserted in a document with a link to that source file.

live preview

A feature of a thumbnail that displays what an option will look like if applied to a document.

local formatting

Formatting applied at the text or paragraph level.

Lookup wizard

An Access wizard with which you can easily create a lookup list.

make-table query

A query that combines all or part of the data from one or more tables into a new table.

many-to-many relationship

Two one-to-many relationships tied together through a third table. See also one-to-many relationship; one-to-one relationship.

margin

Blank space around the column in which text can flow on the page.

message header

Basic information identifying an e-mail message, such as the date, time, sender, subject, and size. When working on a slow connection, you can download message headers and, based on the header information, decide whether to download the entire message.

message window

The program window displaying the form in which you create or respond to an e-mail message.

meeting window

The program window displaying the form in which you enter information to place a meeting on your calendar.

meeting request

A message generated by Outlook to invite people to attend a meeting.

meeting workspace

A shared site for planning a meeting and tracking related tasks and results.

Microsoft Office Button

A button that provides access to a menu with commands that manage Word and Word documents as a whole (rather than document content).

Microsoft Office PowerPoint Viewer

A viewer with which you can display presentations on a computer that does not have PowerPoint installed.

Microsoft Office Word Help button

A button with a question mark (?) at the right end of the Ribbon that can be clicked to open the Word Help window.

Mini toolbar

A toolbar of formatting commands that appears when you select text. named range A group of related cells defined by a single name.

nested table

A table that is positioned inside another table.

object

An item, such as a graphic, video clip, sound file, or worksheet, that can be inserted in a Word document and then selected and modified.

Office menu

A menu that contains commands related to managing documents (such as creating, saving, and printing). This menu takes the place of the File menu that appeared in previous versions of Word.

one-to-many relationship

A relationship in which each record in one table is linked to multiple records in another table. See also many-to-many relationship; one-to-one relationship.

one-to-one relationship

A relationship in which each record in one table has one and only one associated record in the other table. See also many-to-many relationship; one-to-many relationship.

operator

See arithmetic operator; comparison operator.

option button

A form control with which users can choose preselected settings.

orientation

The direction—horizontal or vertical—in which a page is laid out.

Outline view

A view that shows headings and body text and can be used to evaluate and reorganize the structure of a document.

Package for CD

A feature to help you gather all the components of a presentation and store them to a CD or another type of removable media so that they can be transported to a different computer.

paragraph

In word processing, a block of text of any length that ends when you press the Enter key.

paragraph formatting

Collectively, the settings used to vary the look of paragraphs.

paragraph style

A set of formatting that can be applied to the paragraph containing the insertion point by selecting the style from a list.

parameter query

A query that prompts for the information to be used in the query, such as a range of dates. This type of query is useful when used as the basis for a report that is run periodically. See also action query, crosstab query, and select query.

parent folder

The folder in which another folder is contained.

placeholder

An area on a slide into which you should enter a specific type of content.

Plain Text

An e-mail message format that does not support character or paragraph formatting. All e-mail programs support Plain Text.

point

The unit of measure for expressing the size of characters in a font, where 72 points equals 1 inch.

populate

To add data to a table or other object.

portrait

The orientation of a vertical page whose width is smaller that its height.

Post Office Protocol 3 (POP3)

A common protocol used to retrieve e-mail messages from an Internet e-mail server.

precedents

The cells that are used in a formula.

Print Layout view

A view that shows how document will look when printed.

property

A setting applied to an object that can determine its content, such as the Required and Input Mask properties, and appearance, such as the Font and Alignment properties.

promote

In an outline, to change body text to a heading, or to change a heading to a higher level heading.

Quick Access Toolbar

A toolbar that displays the Save, Undo, and Repeat buttons by default, but can be customized to show other commands.

Quick Styles

Formatting options that you can apply to individual elements of a message.

quick table

A table with sample data.

range

A group of related cells.

read-only

Available for viewing but protected from alterations.

recall

Instructing Outlook to delete or replace any unread copies of a message already sent.

record selector

The gray bar along the left edge of a table or form. You can select an entire record by clicking the record selector next to it.

record source

The source from which the data in a bound record originates. See also control source.

recurring

Repeating on a regular basis. You can specify an appointment, meeting, or event as recurring, and specify the frequency of recurrence. Outlook then creates a series of items based on your specifications.

relationship

An association between common fields in two or more tables.

relative reference

A cell reference in a formula, such as =B3, that refers to a cell that is a specific distance away from the cell that contains the formula. For example, if the formula =B3 were in cell C3, copying the formula to cell C4 would cause the formula to change to =B4.

reminder

An optional message displayed by Outlook a specific amount of time prior to an appointment, meeting, event, or task milestone. You can dismiss the reminder, reset it for a later time, or open the item from the reminder window.

resend

Creating a new version of an original message.

resolving

The process of matching a user name to the information on a network server, resulting in the user name being replaced by a display name and the name underlined.

result

In an Access formula, the result equals the outcome of the equation.

Ribbon

An area across the top of the screen that makes almost all the capabilities of Word available in a single area.

Rich Text Format (RTF)

A text format that can be opened by many programs and that is used to export presentation content as an outline.

sans serif

A style of typeface with no ornamentation on the upper or lower end of the character.

ScreenTip

Information displayed in a small window when you rest the pointer over a button or window element.

select

To make an object, graphic, or text active, usually by clicking it with the mouse, so that it can be moved or modified.

selector

A small box attached to an object that you click to select the object, and drag to resize it.

select query

A query that retrieves, or selects, data matching specified criteria from one or more tables and displays the results in a datasheet. See also action query, crosstab query, and parameter query.

selection area

An area in a document’s left margin in which you can click and drag to select blocks of text.

sensitivity

An optional setting that indicates, by icons or words, that an item is Personal, Private, or Confidential.

shared attachments

Attachments saved on a SharePoint document workspace Web site, where a group can collaborate to work on f les and discuss a project.

slide library

A place on a SharePoint site where co-workers store slides that other people can use.

slide timing

The time a slide will be displayed on the screen before PowerPoint moves to the next slide.

SmartArt

A technology first introduced by Microsoft with the 2007 Office system, with which you can easily create professional business graphics within documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and messages.

smart tag

A flag that identifies a certain type of information, such as date and time, names, street addresses, or telephone numbers, so that you can perform actions associated with that type of information.

sorting

Arranging information so that it’s based on any field or combination of fields.

source file

A file containing an object that is inserted in a destination file.

status bar

An area across the bottom of the program window that gives information about the current document.

subform

A form contained within another form.

subpoint

A subordinate item below a bullet point in a list.

switchboard

A hierarchy of pages containing buttons that the user can click to open additional pages, display dialog boxes, present forms for viewing and entering data, preview and print reports, and initiate other activities.

syntax

The required format in which expressions must be entered.

tab

An area on the Ribbon that contains buttons organized in groups.

tab leader

A repeating character (usually a dot or dash) that separates text before the tab from text or a number after it.

tab stop

A location in the text column where text will align after you press the Tab key to insert a tab character.

tabular list

A list that arranges text in simple columns separated by left, right, centered, or decimal tab stops. can customize.

template

A pattern used as the basis for creating the slides, handouts, and speaker notes in a PowerPoint presentation.

text box

A box drawn independently on a slide to contain text that is not part of any placeholder.

text box control

A control on a form or report in which text can be entered or edited.

text wrapping break

A manual break that forces the text that follows it to the next line. Also called a line break.

theme

A predefined format that can be applied to a worksheet.

Thesaurus

A feature that looks up alternative words, or synonyms, for a word.

threaded

A series of messages that have been sent as replies to each other.

thumbnail

A picture representation of choices available in a gallery; or of pages in a document.

title

A name you designate for a slide in the Title placeholder.

title bar

An area at the top of the program window that displays the name of the active document

title slide

The introductory slide in a presentation.

unmatched query

A select query that locates records in one table without any related records in another table.

update query

A select query that performs an action on the query’s results in some way, such as by changing a field.

validation rule

A field property that ensures entries contain only the correct types of information.

View toolbar

A toolbar on the right end of the status bar that contains tools for adjusting the view of document content.

views

Different ways in which the Outlook window can be arranged for viewing messages.

virtual folder

Folder that looks like and links to an original folder.

voting buttons

Used in conjunction with an Exchange Server account, this feature enables recipients to respond to a poll by clicking a button corresponding to a specific response option. Responses return to the sender in a format that allows easy collating and tabulation.

Web Layout view

A view that shows how a document will look when viewed in a Web browser.

wildcard characters

When using the Find and Replace dialog box, characters that serve as placeholders for a single character, such as ?ffect for affect and effect, or for multiple characters.

wildcard character

A placeholder, such as an asterisk (*) or question mark (?) representing an unknown character or characters in search criteria.

word processing

The writing, editing, and formatting of documents in a word processor.

word wrap

The automatic breaking of a line of text when it reaches the page margin.

work week

The days and times you define within Outlook as available for work-related activities.

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