Page numbers followed by f refer to figures.

• A
• “Accomplishment,” as term, 59
• Accountability, 80–83
• Acculturation process, 67–71
• “Achievement,” as term, 59
• Achievement testing, 141–153
• Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves (1800), 10
• ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), 120–121
• African-American cultures, 90
• African cultures, 36, 100, 128. See also specific national cultures
• Alaska Native cultures, 10
• “American Century,” 9
• American greetings, 166
• “American” identity, 3
• American South, 6
• Apprenticeships, 5
• Apps, 34
• Arab cultures, 146
• Argentinian greetings, 163
• ASD (autism spectrum disorder), 120
• Asian cultures, 11, 30–31, 39, 56. See also East Asian cultures; South Asian cultures; specific national cultures
• Asperger syndrome, 120
• Assimilation, 67, 87
• Assumptions, 34, 175–176
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 120–121
• Australian cultures, 40
• Australian greetings, 163
• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 120

• B
• Babying, 83
• Bahaya language, 16
• Ban, Su, 142
• Banyoro language, 16
• Belgian greetings, 166
• Belongingness, 115
• Best-fit colleges, 135, 141–153
• Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge (1779), 4
• Black cultures, 90
• Black students, enrollment rates of, 8
• Blended cultural families, 87
• Body language, 58, 66–67, 69–70, 146
• Borenstein, M. H., 146
• Boundaries, personal, 105–106
• Brain development, 81
• Brazilian greetings, 163
• Brown University, 142
• Bullying, 19, 83, 99
• Burqas, 51

• C
• Caste system, 54
• Catholicism, 49, 55
• Census data, 54
• Chicago, Ill., 6
• Child development, 79–80
• Chinese Communist Party, 53
• Chinese greetings, 164
• Chinese people and cultures:
  • academic work-sharing of, 92
  • attitude to dating, 45
  • college choices of, 137, 141, 143–146, 150
  • and directness in communication, 105
  • gender issues, 103
  • as high-context cultures, 58–59
  • immigration, 48
  • influence of, 51–53
  • interpretation of emojis, 66–67

• Christianity, 4, 28, 49, 51, 55
• Cities, 7, 19
• Civil Rights era, 90
• Class diversity, 87
• ClassDojo, 34
• Classical views on education, 8, 10
• Classroom:
  • expectations, 76–77
  • learning dynamics, 113

• Clinton, Hillary, 15
• Cognitive strengths, 126–127
• Cohort diversity, 87
• Collaboration, 113
• Collectivism, 58, 96–102, 113–115, 138
• College(s):
  • admissions preparation, 8, 133–135
  • and pressure for acceptance to “good” schools, 137–139
  • as term, 145
  • testing and best-fit colleges, 141–153

• Colombian cultures, 68, 142
• Columbia University, 10
• Common discrepancies in cultural perspectives, 105–106
• Common School, 5–6
• The Common School Journal (Mann), 5
• Common schools, 8
• Communication:
  • categories of, 65–67
  • directness in, 105
  • of expectations, 75–78, 96
  • networks, 7
  • strengths, 125–126
  • twice with different words, 26

• Communism, 53
• Community, raising of children by the, 15–19
• Community values, 18
• Compliments, 36–41
• Confucianism, 39, 52, 86, 138, 141–143
• Consistency, 68
• Context, provision of, 26
• Conversations with different ethnic, cultural and geographic groups, 44–47
• Core beliefs in cultural values, 87–90
• Creative strengths, 126
• Cross-cultural communications, 65–71
  • acculturation process, 67–71
  • and communication categories, 65–67
  • exercises, 71

• Crushes, 44–45
• Cuban cultures, 48
• Cubberley, Ellwood P., 6
• Cultural-asset model, 101–102
• Cultural backgrounds, 47–57
• Cultural complexity, 19–20
• Cultural-deficit model, 101–102
• Cultural diversity, 83, 86
• Cultural expectations of teachers, 79–84
• Cultural gaps, 19–20, 85, 92–94, 96, 100, 102–105
• Cultural models, multiple, 15–16
• Cultural norms, 18
• Cultural perspectives, discrepancies in, 105–106
• Cultural sensitivity, to neurodiversity, 123–129
• Cultural values and diversity, 19, 26–29, 85–94
  • core beliefs, 87–90
  • cultural gaps, 92–93
  • cultural values, 90–92
  • exercises, 94
  • family diversity, 86–87
  • terminology, 85–86

• Culture(s):
  • high- and low-context, 57–58, 57f
  • as term, 86–87

• Culture shock, 67
• Curricula, standardization of, 6
• Curricular uniformity, 52
• Customs, as term, 85

• D
• Democratic institutions, 26
• Democratic process, 4
• Demographic change, 7–8
• Dewey, John, 9–10
• Dialects, 25
• Differentiated instruction, 128
• Directness in communication, 105
• “Disrespectful,” as term, 32–33
• Diversity, as term, 86
• Doljanchi, 86
• Dominican cultures, 46, 59
• Drinking age anecdote, 175–176
• Duke University, 142
• Dutch greetings, 166
• Dyscalculia, 121
• Dyslexia, 121

• E
• East Asian cultures, 28, 32, 38, 51–53, 65–66, 81, 124, 143, 145
• Easter, 56
• Education:
  • family-based, 5
  • higher (see College(s))
  • purpose of, 7

• Educational attainment, 54
• Educational reform, in the 20th century, 8–11
• Educational Sociology (Snedden), 9
• Educator's role:
  • in communication of expectations, 75–78
  • and cultural expectations of teachers, 79–84

• “Efficient,” as term, 59
• Eldercare, 114
• Elder respect, 49, 52, 55, 56, 104
• El Salvador, see Salvadoran cultures
• Emirati greetings, 166
• Emojis, 65–66
• Emotional strengths, 125
• Empathy, 113, 146
• English language, 25
• Enlightenment ideals, 4, 8
• Enrollment rates, 8
• Equal rights, 3
• Essay questions, college admissions, 146–147
• Ethical standards, 113
• Ethnicity, 91
• Ethnologue, 25
• European immigration and culture, 7, 8, 11, 28, 50. See also specific national cultures
• Exercises:
  • in cross-cultural communications, 71
  • in cultural values and diversity, 94
  • in educator's role, 84
  • in immigration and education, 11–12
  • in language and culture, 41–42
  • in multicultural families, 106–107
  • in neurodiversity, 130
  • in nuances, 61–62
  • pair-and-share, 47
  • in self-actualization, 116–117
  • for stakeholders, 20–22

• Expectations:
  • cultural, of teachers, 79–84
  • parents', of teachers, 78
  • teachers', of parents, 77–78

• Extracurricular activities, 36, 155–162
  • Chinese text, 161–162
  • English text, 155–158
  • Spanish text, 158–160

• Eye contact, 55, 57, 105

• F
• “False friends,” linguistic, 24–25
• Familial relations, 49–51, 54, 56
• Family-based education, 5
• Family diversity, 86–87
• Figure skating, 138
• Filipino cultures, 48, 55, 60, 124
• Finnish cultures, 40
• Ford Motor Company, 9
• Formality, 104
• Formation of cultural values, 90–91
• Framingham State University, 6
• Freire, Paolo, 9
• French greetings, 164

• G
• Gaps, cultural, see Cultural gaps
• Gender issues, 50–51, 60, 103
• German greetings, 164
• German students, 31
• Globalization, 65
• “Good,” as term, 38–39
• Gossip, 55
• Government by majority, 4
• “Grand theory,” of social and political change, 26
• Gratitude, 55
• The Great Experiment, 3–5
• Greek greetings, 164
• Greetings, 68–69
  • by country, 163–167

• Group cohesion, 52
• Guatemalan cultures, 48
• Guidance counselors, 148–149

• H
• Handbook of American Indian Languages, 24
• Handlin, Oscar, 10
• Harmony, 55
• Harvard University, 137, 142
• Hierarchical language systems, 99
• Hierarchical roles, 52
• Hierarchy of needs, Maslow's, 111–114, 112f
• High- and low-context cultures, 57–58, 57f
• Higher education, see college(s)
• Hijabs, 51
• Hofstede, Geert, 88–90
• Holistic child development, 79–80
• Honesty, 50
• Honorific names, 51
• Human choice, 26
• Humanist views on education, 8–9
• Humility, 115

• I
• IDEA (Individuals with Disorders Education Act), 123
• Igbo people, 16
• Immigrants and immigration, 48, 48f
  • continued, 19
  • families, 87
  • motives for, 11
  • rates, 7

• Immigration and education, 3–13
  • Common School, 5–6
  • demographic change, 7–8
  • educational reform in the 20^th century, 8–11
  • exercises, 11–12
  • The Great Experiment, 3–5
  • industrialization, 6–7

• Imperial Palace examinations, 141
• Indian cultures, 37, 39, 48, 54, 82, 100
• Indian greetings, 165
• Individual freedoms, 4
• Individualism, 96–102, 113–114. See also Collectivism
• Individualism vs. Collectivism Index, 89
• Individual purpose, 113
• Individual responsibility, 80
• Individuals with Disorders Education Act (IDEA), 123
• Indulgence versus Restraint Index, 90
• Industrialization, 5, 6–7
• Industrial view of education, 9–10
• Inglehart, Ron, 26
• Inglehart-Welzel World Cultural Map, 27–28, 27f, 96
• Instruction, differentiated, 128
• International educators, 71
• International students and families, 19, 87
• Islamic-African cultures, 28, 51
• Italian greetings, 165
• “It takes a village” proverb, 15–16

• J
• Japanese cultures, 37, 40–41, 69, 70, 102, 105
• Japanese greetings, 165
• Jargon, 69
• Jefferson, Thomas, 4, 11
• Jim Crow era, 90
• Jinshi examinations, 141
• Judaism, 51
• Jung, 90–91
• Junior Grand Prix Final, 2004–2005, 138

• K
• Kennedy, John F., 10
• Kihaya language, 16
• Kijita language, 15
• Kim Yuna, 138
• Kiswahili language, 16
• Korean people and cultures:
  • birthday celebrations of, 86
  • as collectivist culture, 103–104, 114, 138
  • college choices of, 82–83, 137–138, 142
  • cultural views of teachers, 79
  • family relations, 60
  • hierarchical language system of, 99
  • as high-context culture, 58–59
  • immigration, 48
  • jung, 90–91
  • and neurodiversity, 123
  • and respect, 56
  • teachers' communication with, 67–69
  • view of compliments, 36–40
  • work ethic of, 56

• Korean War, 53

• L
• Ladies Home Journal, 7
• Language and culture, 23–42
  • cultural values, 26–29
  • definitions of success, 35–41
  • evolution of language, 24–26
  • exercises, 41–42
  • steps forward, 31–35
  • stereotypes, 29–31

• Language variation, 23–26
• Lansford, J. E., 146
• Latin American people and cultures, 49–50, 59, 68, 70, 100, 124, 128, 142, 145
  • immigration, 11

• Lexington, Mass., 6
• Liberty aspirations, 26
• Life-cycle diversity, 87
• Linguistics, 23–26
• Literacy, 4, 126
• Local community, 16–19
• Logical strengths, 126
• Long-term orientation index, 89
• Low- and high-context cultures, 57–58, 57f, 67
• Lunyoro language, 16

• M
• Malaysian cultures, 150
• Mann, Horace, 5
• Masculinity versus femininity index, 89
• Maslow, Abraham H., 111–114
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs, 111–114, 112f
• Massachusetts General Court, 4
• Massachusetts State Board of Education, 5
• Masuda, Takahiko, 53
• Math achievement, 43
• Metaphors, 69
• Method of information acquisition, 18
• Mexican cultures, 48, 59, 68, 103, 142
• Mexican greetings, 166
• Michigan, 43
• Middle Eastern culture, 32, 39, 50, 58, 69, 98, 105–106, 128
• Military training, 46
• Model(s):
  • cultural-asset/cultural deficit, 101–102
  • multiple cultural, 15–16
  • strengths-based, 124–128

• Model Minority Myth, 30–31
• Modesty, 115
• Montessori, Maria, 9
• Montessori schools, 9, 10
• Multicultural families, 95–108
  • collectivism and individualism, 97–104
  • common discrepancies in cultural perspectives, 105–106
  • cultural gaps, 102–105
  • exercises, 106–107
  • key dimensions, 96–97

• Multiple-choice questions, 33

• N
• National Education Association, 8
• National pride, 50
• A Nation of Immigrants (Kennedy), 10
• Native American cultures, 10, 37, 98, 100–101, 104, 128
• Nesbitt, Richard, 53
• Netherlands greetings, 166
• Neurodiversity, 119–130
  • common conditions, 120–121
  • cultural sensitivity toward, 123–129
  • exercises, 130
  • teaching strategies for neurodiverse students, 121–122
  • as term, 120

• Neurological conditions, 120–121
• New England, 4, 82, 90
• Newspapers, 7
• New York City, 7
• Nigerian cultures, 16
• No Child Left behind Act, 43
• Nonconfontational cultures, 58
• Non-foreign born educators, 71
• Nonverbal communication, 58, 66–67, 69–70, 146
• Nordic cultures, 69
• Normal schools, 6
• Northern European cultures, 28, 115
• Nuances, 43–63
  • in conversations with different ethnic/cultural/geographic groups, 44–47
  • and cultural background, 47–57
  • exercises, 61–62
  • and word choice, 57–60

• O
• “Obedient,” as term, 59
• “Old Deluder Satan” Act of 1647, 4
• Organizational diversity, 87
• Orientation to the classroom, 75–76

• P
• Pair-and-share exercises, 47
• Pakikisama, 55
• Pakistani cultures, 65, 129
• “Parenting Attributions and Attitudes in Cross-Cultural Perspective” (Borenstein et al.), 146
• Parents' awareness of neurodiversity, 123
• Parent Square, 34
• Parent-teacher conferences, 31–35
• Parent-teacher relationship, 77–78
• “Performance,” as term, 59
• Personal boundaries, 105–106
• Personal growth, 113
• Personal relations, 49, 50
• Personal strengths, 125
• Philippines, see Filipino cultures
• Physical space, 105–106
• Physical strengths, 126
• Plagiarism, 92
• Portuguese greetings, 166
• Postindustrial societies, 97
• Power distance index, 89
• Praise comfort levels, 70
• Prefrontal cortex, 81
• Preparation for meetings, 32
• Privacy, 50, 51, 104
• Professionalization, of teaching force, 5
• Progressive views on education, 9–10
• Protestant cultures, 28
• Puritans, 4
• Putnick, D. L., 146

• Q
• QS World Ranking, 137
• Quiet students, 33, 45

• R
• Racism, 19–20, 46–47
• Railroads, 7
• Ramadan, 34–35
• Read-back technique, 26
• Reading achievement, 43
• Recommendation letters, 150–151
• Reconstruction era, 6
• Relations with others, 113
• Russian cultures, 36, 45, 150
• Russian greetings, 166

• S
• Sacrifice, 143
• Salvadoran cultures, 48
• Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, 24
• SATs (Scholastic Aptitude Tests), 142
• Saudi cultures, 58
• Saudi greetings, 166
• “Saving face,” 52
• Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs), 142
• Schoolbus anecdote, 16–19
• School counselors, 16
• School/student match, 83
• Scripts:
  • about class participation, 101
  • for discussing college “fit,” 139, 144–145, 147–149

• Secondary schools, 8
• Secular-rational values, 28, 96
• Self-acceptance, 113
• Self-actualization, 111–117
  • educational applications, 114–116
  • exercises, 116–117
  • importance of, 112–114

• Self-esteem, 116
• Self-expression values, 28, 97, 103
• Singaporean cultures, 150
• Slang, 69
• Slavery, 6, 10–11
• Slavic cultures, 38, 50, 59, 69, 104
• Smiles, 69
• Snedden, David, 9
• Social and emotional needs, of neurodiverse students, 122
• Social categorization, 30
• Social conditions, 5
• Social mobility, 143
• Social perspective-taking, 46
• Social strengths, 125
• Societal environment of children, 16
• Socioeconomic modernization, 26
• South African cultures, 36
• South Asian cultures, 54
• Southeast Asian cultures, 145
• Southern states, 6
• South Korean cultures, 53, 150
• South Korean greetings, 166
• Spanish greetings, 166
• Spiritualism, 127, 128
• Stakeholders, 15–22
  • and cultural complexity, 19–20
  • exercises, 20–22
  • local community, 16–19

• Standardization of curricula, 6
• Stereotypes, 26, 29–31
• Strengths-based model of teaching, 124–128
• Success, definitions of, 35–41
• Survival values, 28, 96, 103
• Swahili language, 16
• Swiss greetings, 166

• T
• TalkingPoints, 34
• Tax support, for public education, 5
• Teacher(s), 31–33
  • expectations toward parents, 77–78
  • parents' expectations of, 78
  • respect for, 55
  • responsibilities of, 16
  • role of, 31–33, 36, 39, 75–84, 105, 123
  • training of, 6, 96

• Teaching strategies, for neurodiverse students, 121–122
• Technology strengths, 127
• Thai cultures, 24, 88, 129
• Thai greetings, 166
• Time:
  • management of, 32
  • perception of, 103
  • spent with children, 18

• Traditionalist views, of education, 8
• Traditional values, 28, 96
• Translators, 32
• Tribal cultures, 51, 56, 100–101
• Tsismis, 55
• Turkish cultures, 44, 150

• U
• Uncertainty avoidance index, 89
• United Kingdom greetings, 166
• United Nations, 48
• United States, 3–13, 82, 90. See also Native American cultures
• University of California at Berkeley, 137
• University of Chicago, 10
• Urban centers, 7
• Urban life, expansion of, 19
• U.S. Army, 46
• Utang na loob, 55

• V
• Value of education, 54
• “Values,” as term, 85–86
• Variation, in language, 23–26
• Verbal communication, 65
• Vietnamese cultures, 48
• Virginia, 4
• Visual communication, 65
• Visual-spatial strengths, 127
• Vocational education, 8–10

• W
• Wajita language, 15
• Ward, Lester Frank, 9
• “Well-mannered,” as term, 59
• Welzel, Christian, 26
• West Indies, 34
• Wiebe, Robert, 7
• Winter Olympics (2010), 138
• Word choice, 57–60
• Work ethic, 53, 59
• World Cultural Map, 27–28, 27f
• World Values Survey, 27–29, 96
• World War II, 11
• Written communication, 65

• Y
• Yoruba people, 16