Assets Represent the Company’s Resources

To qualify as an asset, the following requirements must be met:

  • A company must own the resource.

  • The resource must be of value.

  • The resource must have a quantifiable, measurable cost.

See Exhibit 6.2.

Exhibit 6.2. Assets Typically Consist of (But are Not Always Limited to):
ASSETS
Cash and Cash EquivalentsMoney held by the company in its bank accounts
Marketable Securities (Short-Term Investments)Debt or equity securities held by the company
Accounts ReceivablePayment owed to a business by its customers for products and services already delivered to them
InventoriesRepresent any unfinished or finished goods that are waiting to be sold, and the direct costs associated with the production of these goods
Property, Plant, and Equipment (Fixed Assets)Land, buildings, and machinery used in the manufacture of the company’s services and products
Goodwill and Intangible AssetsNonphysical assets such as brands, patents, trademarks, and goodwill acquired by the company that have value based on the rights belonging to that company
Deferred TaxesPotential future tax savings arising when taxes payable to the IRS are higher than those recorded on financial statements
Other (Miscellaneous) AssetsItems that do not fit into other categories, such as prepaid expenses, or some types of short-/or long-term investments

1. Identifying Assets
Exercise
Q1:Which of the following accounts are assets for Microsoft?
Cash
An office building owned by Microsoft
Microsoft’s software inventories
Microsoft’s employees
Microsoft’s brand name
Bill Gates’s personal car

1. Identifying Assets
Solution
Q1:Which of the following accounts are assets for Microsoft?
Cash
An office building owned by Microsoft
Microsoft’s software inventories
Microsoft’s employees [Value cannot be measured]
Microsoft’s brand name [Not acquired at measurable cost]
Bill Gates’s personal car [Not owned by company]

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