Research Notes and References

Chapter One

The twenty reflections are based roughly on the last decade's worth of writing and research on the broad economic and social shifts that affect work and organization. The focus is on change in workplace practices that seemingly have significant effect on our personal and collective lives. These shifts play out not only in the United States but globally, albeit at different rates and emphasis, as well. The list includes both prescriptive or normative writings and empirically based trend studies. Organized by the three categories we used to highlight the changes, representative works examining mostly—but not exclusively—the trends in the United States include:

New Ways of Working:

  1. 1. Stephen R. Barley and Gideon Kunda, Gurus, Hired Guns and Warm Bodies: Itinerant Experts in the Knowledge Economy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.
  2. 2. Peter Cappelli, The Future of the Office: Work from Home, Remote Work, and the Hard Choices We All Face. Philadelphia: Wharton School Press, 2021.
  3. 3. Amy Edmondson, The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation and Growth. San Francisco: Wiley, 2018.
  4. 4. Matthew E. Kahn, Going Remote: How the Flexible Work Economy Can Improve Our Lives and Our Cities. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2022.
  5. 5. Leslie Perlow, Sleeping with Your Cell Phone: How to Break the 24/7 Habit and Change the Way You Work. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2012.
  6. 6. Sanjay Rishi, Benjamin Breslau, and Peter Miscovich, The Workplace You Need Now. San Francisco: Wiley, 2021.
  7. 7. Alex Rosenblat, Uberland: How Algorithms Are Rewriting the Rules of work. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2018.

New Organizational Realities:

  1. 8. Stephen R. Barley, Beth A. Bechky, and Frances J. Milliken, “The Changing Nature of Work: Careers, Identities and Work Lives in the 21st Century,” Academy of Management Discoveries, 3(2): 111–115, 2017.
  2. 9. Victor Tan Chen, Cut Loose: Jobless and Hopeless in an Unfair Economy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015.
  3. 10. Christine M. Beckman and Melissa Mazmanian, Dreams of the Overworked: Living, Working & Parenting in the Digital Age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2020.
  4. 11. David Burkus, Leading from Anywhere: The Essential Guide to Managing Remote Teams. Boston: Mariner Books, 2021.
  5. 12. Gerald F. Davis, The Vanishing American Corporation: Navigating the Hazards of a New Economy. Oakland, CA: Berrett‐Koehler, 2016.
  6. 13. Douglas T. Hall, Careers In and Out of Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2002.
  7. 14. Erin Kelly, Overload: How Good Jobs Went Bad and What We Can Do About It. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021.
  8. 15. Tom Kochan and Lee Dyer, Shaping the Future of Work. New York: Routledge, 2020.
  9. 16. Paul Osterman and Barbara Dyer, Creating Good Jobs: An Industry Based Strategy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2020.
  10. 17. Jeff Schwartz, Work Disrupted: Opportunity, Resilience, and Growth in the Accelerated Future of Work. NY: Wiley, 2021.
  11. 18. Farah Stockman, American Made: What Happens to People When Work Disappears. NY: Random House, 2022.
  12. 19. Catherine Turco, The Conversational Firm: Rethinking Bureaucracy on the Age of Social Media. NY: Columbia University Press, 2016.

Global Turbulence:

  1. 20. Edward Aldwen, Failure to Adjust: How Americans Got Left Behind in the Global Economy. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017.
  2. 21. Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, Race against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy. NY: Digital Frontier Press, 2012.
  3. 22. Anne Case and Angus Deaton, Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020.
  4. 23. Hugh Guntz, Mila Lazarova, and Wolfgang Mayrhofer (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Career Studies. London: Routledge, 2019.
  5. 24. Tsedal Neeley, Remote Work Revolution: Succeeding from Anywhere. NY: Harper Business, 2021.
  6. 25. Michael J. Sandel, The Tyranny of Merit: What's Become of the Common Good? NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2020.

Chapter Two

The literature on building (and sustaining) relationships of various types is vast. The model presented in this chapter rests on work that Ed Schein first published in [1] and further elaborated in [2]. It draws on some related work by [3]–[6]. An earlier version of relationship mapping and career anchors—then labeled job/role mapping—is found in [7]

  1. 1. Edgar H. Schein, Humble Consulting: How to Provide Real Help Faster. Oakland, California: Brett‐Koehler Publishers, 2016.
  2. 2. Edgar H. Schein and Peter A. Schein, Humble Leadership: The Power of Relationships, Openness and Trust. Oakland, California: Brett‐Koehler Publishers, 2018.
  3. 3. William Isaacs, Dialogue. NY: Doubleday Currency, 1999.
  4. 4. Amy C. Edmundson, Teaming: How Organizations Learn, Innovate and Compete in the Knowledge Economy. San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass, 2012.
  5. 5. Jodi H. Gittell, Transforming Relationships for High Performance: The Power of Relational Coordination. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2016.
  6. 6. Peter Senge, The Fifth Discipline. NY: Doubleday, 1990.
  7. 7. Edgar H. Schein and John Van Maanen, “Career Anchors and Job/Role Planning. Tools for Career and Talent Management.” Organizational Dynamics. 45(1): 165–173, 2016.

Chapters Three and Four

The distinction of the external and internal career comes from Ed Schein's original research [1]. A more detailed and extended treatment of career anchors is presented in [2] and in Edgar H. Schein's two articles in later decades [3] and [4]. Some of the analytic groundings for career studies are found in [5] and [6]. The most recent and extensive treatment of career anchors is found in the participants workbook of Edgar H. Schein and John Van Maanen [7]. Our description of the eight anchors draws on this source.

  1. 1. Edgar H. Schein, “Career anchors and career paths: A panel Study of management school graduates” In John Van Maanen (ed.) Organizational Careers: Some New Perspectives, San Francisco; Wiley, 49–64, 1977.
  2. 2. Edgar H. Schein, Career Dynamics: Matching Individual and Organizational Needs. Reading, MA: Addison‐Wesley, 1978.
  3. 3. Edgar H. Schein, “Individuals and Careers.” In Jay Lorsch (ed.) Handbook of Organizational Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice‐Hall, 80–88, 1987.
  4. 4. Edgar H. Schein, “Career Anchors Revisited: Implications for Career Development in the 21st Century” Academy of Management Executive, 10, 80–88, 1996.
  5. 5. John Van Maanen, “Experiencing organization: Notes on the meaning of careers and socialization,” In John Van Maanen (eds.), Organizational Careers: Some New Perspectives. NY: Wiley, 15–48, 1977.
  6. 6. John Van Maanen and Stephen Barley, “Occupational Communities: Culture and Control in Organizations,” In Barry M. Staw, and Larry L. Cummings (eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 287–365, 1984.
  7. 7. Edgar H. Schein and John Van Maanen, Career Anchors: The Changing Nature of Work and Careers, 4th edition. San Francisco: Wiley, 2013.
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