- Front Cover
- Half Title
- Dedication
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Chapter 1 Why digital?
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 What is digital audio?
- 1.3 Why binary?
- 1.4 Why digital?
- 1.5 Some digital audio processes outlined
- 1.6 The sampler
- 1.7 The programmable delay
- 1.8 Time compression
- 1.9 Synchronization
- 1.10 Error correction and concealment
- 1.11 Channel coding
- 1.12 Compression
- 1.13 Hard disk recorders
- 1.14 The PCM adaptor
- 1.15 An open-reel digital recorder
- 1.16 Rotary head digital recorders
- 1.17 Digital Compact Cassette
- 1.18 Digital audio broadcasting
- 1.19 Audio in PCs
- 1.20 Networks
- Reference
- Chapter 2 Some audio principles
- 2.1 The physics of sound
- 2.2 The speed of sound
- 2.3 Wavelength
- 2.4 Periodic and aperiodic signals
- 2.5 Sound and the ear
- 2.6 Hearing
- 2.7 The cochlea
- 2.8 Mental processes
- 2.9 Level and loudness
- 2.10 Frequency discrimination
- 2.11 Critical bands
- 2.12 Beats
- 2.13 Music and the ear
- 2.14 The sensation of pitch
- 2.15 Frequency response and linearity
- 2.16 The sine wave
- 2.17 Root mean square measurements
- 2.18 The deciBel
- 2.19 Audio level metering
- 2.20 Vectors
- 2.21 Phase angle and power factor
- 2.22 Audio cabling
- 2.23 EMC
- 2.24 Electrical safety
- References
- Chapter 3 Digital principles
- 3.1 Pure binary code
- 3.2 Two’s complement
- 3.3 Introduction to digital processing
- 3.4 Logic elements
- 3.5 Storage elements
- 3.6 Binary adding
- 3.7 The computer
- 3.8 The processor
- 3.9 Interrupts
- 3.10 Programmable timers
- 3.11 Timebase compression and correction
- 3.12 Gain control
- 3.13 Digital faders and controls
- 3.14 A digital mixer
- 3.15 Effects
- 3.16 The phase-locked loop
- 3.17 Multiplexing principles
- 3.18 Packets
- 3.19 Statistical multiplexing
- 3.20 Filters
- 3.21 Transforms
- 3.22 FIR and IIR filters
- 3.23 FIR filters
- 3.24 Sampling rate conversion
- 3.25 IIR Filters
- 3.26 The z-transform
- 3.27 Bandpass filters
- 3.28 Higher-order filters: cascading
- 3.29 Pole/zero positions
- 3.30 The Fourier transform
- 3.31 The discrete cosine transform (DCT)
- 3.32 The wavelet transform
- 3.33 Modulo-n arithmetic
- 3.34 The Galois field
- 3.35 Noise and probability
- References
- Chapter 4 Conversion
- 4.1 Introduction to conversion
- 4.2 Sampling and aliasing
- 4.3 Reconstruction
- 4.4 Filter design
- 4.5 Choice of sampling rate
- 4.6 Sample and hold
- 4.7 Sampling clock jitter
- 4.8 Aperture effect
- 4.9 Quantizing
- 4.10 Quantizing error
- 4.11 Introduction to dither
- 4.12 Requantizing and digital dither
- 4.13 Dither techniques
- 4.14 Basic digital-to-analog conversion
- 4.15 Basic analog-to-digital conversion
- 4.16 Alternative convertors
- 4.17 Oversampling
- 4.18 Oversampling without noise shaping
- 4.19 Noise shaping
- 4.20 Noise-shaping ADCs
- 4.21 A one-bit DAC
- 4.22 One-bit noise-shaping ADCs
- 4.23 Operating levels in digital audio
- References
- Chapter 5 Compression
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Lossless and perceptive coding
- 5.3 Compression principles
- 5.4 Codec level calibration
- 5.5 Quality measurement
- 5.6 The limits
- 5.7 Some guidelines
- 5.8 Audio compression tools
- 5.9 Sub-band coding
- 5.10 Transform coding
- 5.11 Compression formats
- 5.12 MPEG Audio compression
- 5.13 MPEG Layer I
- 5.14 MPEG Layer II
- 5.15 MPEG Layer III
- 5.16 MPEG-2 AAC
- 5.17 apt-X
- 5.18 Dolby AC-3
- 5.19 ATRAC
- References
- Chapter 6 Digital recording and transmission principles
- 6.1 Introduction to the channel
- 6.2 Types of transmission channel
- 6.3 Types of recording medium
- 6.4 Magnetism
- 6.5 Magnetic recording
- 6.6 Azimuth recording and rotary heads
- 6.7 Optical disks
- 6.8 Magneto-optical disks
- 6.9 Equalization
- 6.10 Data separation
- 6.11 Slicing
- 6.12 Jitter rejection
- 6.13 Channel coding
- 6.14 Recording-oriented codes
- 6.15 Transmission-oriented codes
- 6.16 General-purpose codes
- 6.17 Miller2 code
- 6.18 Group codes
- 6.19 4/5 code of MADI
- 6.20 2/3 code
- 6.21 EFM code in CD
- 6.22 The 8/10 group code of DAT
- 6.23 Tracking signals
- 6.24 Convolutional RLL codes
- 6.25 Graceful degradation
- 6.26 Randomizing
- 6.27 Communications codes
- 6.28 Convolutional randomizing
- 6.29 Synchronizing
- References
- Chapter 7 Error correction
- 7.1 Sensitivity of message to error
- 7.2 Error mechanisms
- 7.3 Basic error correction
- 7.4 Error handling
- 7.5 Concealment by interpolation
- 7.6 Parity
- 7.7 Block and convolutional codes
- 7.8 Hamming code
- 7.9 Hamming distance
- 7.10 Cyclic codes
- 7.11 Punctured codes
- 7.12 Applications of cyclic codes
- 7.13 Burst correction
- 7.14 Introduction to the Reed–Solomon codes
- 7.15 R–S calculations
- 7.16 Correction by erasure
- 7.17 Interleaving
- 7.18 Product codes
- 7.19 Introduction to error correction in DAT
- 7.20 Editing interleaved recordings
- Appendix 7.1 Calculation of Reed–Solomon generator polynomials
- References
- Chapter 8 Transmission
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Introduction to AES/EBU interface
- 8.3 The electrical interface
- 8.4 Frame structure
- 8.5 Talkback in auxiliary data
- 8.6 Professional channel status
- 8.7 Consumer channel status
- 8.8 User bits
- 8.9 MADI – multi-channel digital audio interface
- 8.10 MADI data transmission
- 8.11 MADI frame structure
- 8.12 MADI audio channel format
- 8.13 Fibre-optic interfacing
- 8.14 Synchronizing
- 8.15 Asynchronous operation
- 8.16 Routing
- 8.17 Networks
- 8.18 Introduction to NICAM 728
- 8.19 Audio in digital television broadcasting
- 8.20 Packets and time stamps
- 8.21 MPEG transport streams
- 8.22 Clock references
- 8.23 Program Specific Information (PSI)
- 8.24 Multiplexing
- 8.25 Introduction to DAB
- 8.26 DAB principles
- References
- Chapter 9 Digital audio tape recorders
- 9.1 Types of recorder
- 9.2 PCM adaptors
- 9.3 Introduction to DAT
- 9.4 Track following in DAT
- 9.5 Aligning for interchange
- 9.6 DAT data channel
- 9.7 Sound and subcode in shuttle
- 9.8 Timecode in DAT
- 9.9 Non-tracking replay
- 9.10 Quarter-inch rotary
- 9.11 Half-inch and 8 mm rotary formats
- 9.12 Digital audio in VTRs
- 9.13 Stationary-head recorders
- 9.14 DASH format
- 9.15 DCC – digital compact cassette
- Appendix 9.1 Timecode for Pro R conversion
- References
- Chapter 10 Magnetic disk drives
- 10.1 Types of disk drive
- 10.2 Disk terminology
- 10.3 Structure of disk
- 10.4 Principle of flying head
- 10.5 Reading and writing
- 10.6 Moving the heads
- 10.7 Controlling a seek
- 10.8 Rotation
- 10.9 Servo-surface disks
- 10.10 Soft sectoring
- 10.11 Winchester technology
- 10.12 Servo-surface Winchester drives
- 10.13 Rotary positioners
- 10.14 Floppy disks
- 10.15 Error handling
- 10.16 RAID arrays
- 10.17 The disk controller
- 10.18 Digital audio disk systems
- 10.19 Arranging the audio data on disk
- 10.20 Spooling files
- 10.21 Broadcast applications
- 10.22 Sampling rate and playing time
- References
- Chapter 11 Digital audio editing
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Editing with random access media
- 11.3 Editing on recording media
- 11.4 The structure of an editor
- 11.5 Timecode
- 11.6 Locating the edit point
- 11.7 Editing with disk drives
- 11.8 CD mastering
- 11.9 Editing in DAT
- 11.10 Editing in open-reel digital recorders
- 11.11 Jump editing
- References
- Chapter 12 Digital audio in optical disks
- 12.1 Types of optical disk
- 12.2 CD, DVD and MD contrasted
- 12.3 CD and MD – disk construction
- 12.4 Rejecting surface contamination
- 12.5 Playing optical disks
- 12.6 Focus systems
- 12.7 Tracking systems
- 12.8 Typical pickups
- 12.9 DVD and CD readout in detail
- 12.10 How optical disks are made
- 12.11 Direct metal mastering
- 12.12 MiniDisc read/write in detail
- 12.13 How recordable MiniDiscs are made
- 12.14 Channel code of CD and MiniDisc
- 12.15 Deserialization
- 12.16 Error-correction strategy
- 12.17 Track layout of MD
- 12.18 CD subcode
- 12.19 MD table of contents
- 12.20 CD player structure
- 12.21 MD recorder/player structure
- 12.22 Structure of a DVD player
- References
- Chapter 13 Sound quality considerations
- Index
-
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