Index

AAPOR Task Force Report, 66

Active listening, 44

American Association for Public Opinion Researchers (AAPOR), 83

American Consumer Opinion, 61

American Trends Panel (ATP), 60

Answering questions, willingness to, 13–14

Audience, 74–75

knowing, 75

lack of understanding by, 75–77

types of, 77–79

Behavior coding, 35

Big Data, 64–66

Breakoff rates, 58–59

Brevity, question, 14–15

Built-in assumptions questions, 17

Call record, 40–41

Callback, 40

Changing technology, and survey research, 53–71

Chartjunk, 90

Checks-and-balances, 85

City of residence, 11–12

Clarity, question, 14–15

Closed-ended questions, 20–28

Coding, 42

behavior, 35

Cognitive interviews, 34

Computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI), 55

Computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI), 9, 55

Confidentiality, 83–84

Content, survey results, 79–81

executive summaries, 81–82

privacy, confidentiality, and proprietary information, 83–84

Data, 1

coding, 42

collection, 2

confidentiality agreements, 83

editing, 42–43

making available to other social scientists, 43–44

presenting, 85–86

Data analysis, 2, 43

Data entry, 43

Deliverables, 74–75

Digital divide, 58

Disposition codes, 40

Documentation, for interviewer, 45–46

Double-barrel questions, 16

Double-negative questions, 17

Dynamic probes, 39

Editing, data, 42–43

Empirical, 1

Ethical issues, 66–68

Executive summaries, 81–82

Experts, reviewing survey, 35

Expression, survey results, 85

presenting data, 85–86

text, graphs, and tables, 86–93

Face-to-face survey, 36, 39

Focus groups, 34

Good questions. See also Survey questions

key elements of

common question pitfalls, avoiding, 16–17

specificity, clarity, and brevity, 14–15

writing, 7–31

goals for, 11

Google, 34

Google Scholar, 34

Granularity, 24

Graphs, 86–93

Human subject protections, 83

IBM RAMAC 305, 54

Inflation, 8

Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR), 43–44

Interactive probes, 39

Internet, 64

access, 56–59

-accessible smartphones, 57

Interviewer

-administered survey, 44

debriefing, 35

manual, 46

–respondent–questions interaction, 3

training

practice interviews, 46

providing documentation for, 45–46

Interviewing. See Questioning

Level of granularity, 80

Likert Scale, 25–26

Listening, 44

Loaded/leading questions, 16

Mailed surveys, probing in, 39–40

Marketing Research, 73

MCAPI, 55–56

MCATI, 55–56

Measurement, 2

Mixed-mode surveys, 8–9

advantages of, 10

Mobile technologies, 64. See also MCAPI; MCATI

Modern computing, 53–55

internet access and survey mobility, 56–59

wireless telephones, 55–56

Moore’s Law, 54

Narrative presentation. See Text

National Center for Health Statistics, 56

New York Times, 53

Nonresponse bias, 47

Nontechnical audience, 77–78

Online panels, 60–63

Online survey, 9, 19, 57, 61–62

Open-ended questions, 18–20

Opt-in panels, 60–64

Ordered/scalar response category, 25

Participants, 74

Pew Research Center, 56–57

Practice interviews, 46

Pretesting, 35–37

Privacy, 83–84

Probability-based panels, 59–60

Probability surveys, 64–66

Probes, defined, 38

Probing

in mailed surveys, 39–40

in web surveys, 39

Proprietary information, 83–84

Questioning, as social process, 2–3, 6

Questions, 1–6

Record keeping, 40–41

Refusals, 45

Reliability, 11–13

Research design, 2

Researchers, 74

Response rate, 41, 47

Role playing, 46

Sampling, 2, 7

Satisficing, 36

Scientific approach, 1

Self-administered survey, 41

Semantic Differential Scale, 26–28

Skip patterns, 36

Smartphones

dependent, 57

internet-accessible, 57

Social process, questioning as, 2–3, 6

Specificity, question, 14–15

Sponsors, 74

Statistical story-telling, 86

Structured questions. See Closed-ended questions

Survey mobility, 56–59

Survey panels, 59

opt-in panels, 60–64

probability-based panels, 59–60

Survey presentations, 73

Survey questions, 7–31

good questions

key elements of, 14–17

writing, 7–31

responses to, 87

types and formats, 17–18

closed-ended, 20–28

open-ended, 18–20

validity and reliability in, 11–13

willingness to answer, 13–14

Survey reports

format of, 79–80

writing, 43

Survey results

audience, 74–75

knowing, 75

lack of understanding by, 75–77

types of, 77–79

content, 79–81

executive summaries, 81–82

privacy, confidentiality, and proprietary information, 83–84

expression, 85

presenting data, 85–86

text, graphs, and tables, 86–93

presenting, 73–97

Survey technology, 53–71. See also specific technologies

SurveyMonkey, 61–62

Surveys, 33–51

administering

linking to other information, 41–42

probe questions, 37–39

probing in mailed surveys, 39–40

probing in web surveys, 39

record keeping, 40–41

behavior coding and interviewer debriefing, 35

developing, 7, 33–34

cognitive interviews, 34

focus groups, 34

other surveys, 34

interviewer training

practice interviews, 46

providing documentation for, 45–46

listening, 44

making data available to other social scientists, 43–44

mode of delivery, 37

participation, 47–48

pretesting, 35–37

processing data

coding, 42

data analysis, 43

data entry, 43

editing, 42–43

writing reports, 43

Tables, 86–93

Tailored Design Method, 9

Technical audience, 77–78

Telephone survey, 35, 36, 39

disposition codes for, 40

Telephones, wireless, 55–56

Text, 86–93

Total Design Method, 9

UNIVAC, 53–54

Universal Automatic Computer. See UNIVAC

Unstructured questions. See Open-ended questions

Validity, 11–13

Wall Street Journal, 54

Web surveys, probing in, 39

Wireless telephones, 55–56

YouGov, 61