A |
area |
b |
width |
C |
carry-over factor, torsional rigidity |
c |
distance from neutral axis to outer fiber |
D |
distribution factor, flexural rigidity of plate |
[D] |
elasticity matrix |
d |
diameter, distance |
E |
modulus of elasticity in tension or compression |
Es |
modulus of plasticity or secant modulus |
Et |
tangent modulus |
e |
dilatation, distance, eccentricity |
F |
body force per unit volume, concentrated force |
{f} |
displacement function of finite element |
G |
modulus of elasticity in shear |
g |
acceleration of gravity (≈9.81 m/s2) |
h |
depth of beam, height, membrane deflection, mesh width |
I |
moment of inertia of area, stress invariant |
J |
polar moment of inertia of area, strain invariant |
K |
bulk modulus, spring constant of an elastic support, stiffness factor, thermal conductivity, fatigue factor, strength coefficient |
[K] |
stiffness matrix of whole structure |
k |
constant, modulus of elastic foundation, spring constant, stress concentration factor |
[k] |
stiffness matrix of finite element |
L |
length, span |
M |
moment |
Mxy |
twisting moment in plates |
m |
moment caused by unit load |
N |
fatigue life (cycles), force |
n |
factor of safety, number, strain hardening index |
l, m, n |
direction cosines |
P |
concentrated force |
distributed load per unit length or area, pressure, stress resultant |
|
Q |
first moment of area, heat flow per unit length, shearing force |
{Q} |
nodal force matrix of finite element |
R |
radius, reaction |
S |
elastic section modulus, shear center |
r |
radius, radius of gyration |
r, θ |
polar coordinates |
s |
distance along a line or a curve |
T |
temperature, twisting couple or torque |
t |
thickness |
U |
strain energy |
Uo |
strain energy per unit volume |
U* |
complementary energy |
V |
shearing force, volume |
υ |
velocity |
W |
weight, work |
u, υ, w |
components of displacement |
Z |
plastic section modulus, curved beam factor |
x, y, z |
rectangular coordinates |
|
|
α |
angle, coefficient of thermal expansion, form factor for shear |
β |
numerical factor, angle |
γ |
shear strain, weight per unit volume or specific weight, angle |
δ |
deflection, finite difference operator, variational symbol, displacement |
{δ} |
nodal displacement matrix of finite element |
Δ |
change of a function |
ε |
normal strain |
θ |
angle, angle of twist per unit length, slope |
v |
Poisson’s ratio |
λ |
axial load factor, Lamé constant |
∏ |
potential energy |
ρ |
density (mass per unit volume), radius |
σ |
normal stress |
τ |
shear stress |
ϕ |
total angle of twist |
Φ |
stress function |
ω |
angular velocity |
ψ |
stream function |