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by Alex Buckley, Gilad Bracha, Guy L. Steele Jr., Bill Joy, James Gosling
The Java® Language Specification, Java SE 8 Edition
About This eBook
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface to the Java SE 8 Edition
Chapter 1. Introduction
1.1 Organization of the Specification
1.2 Example Programs
1.3 Notation
1.4 Relationship to Predefined Classes and Interfaces
1.5 Feedback
1.6 References
Chapter 2. Grammars
2.1 Context-Free Grammars
2.2 The Lexical Grammar
2.3 The Syntactic Grammar
2.4 Grammar Notation
Chapter 3. Lexical Structure
3.1 Unicode
3.2 Lexical Translations
3.3 Unicode Escapes
3.4 Line Terminators
3.5 Input Elements and Tokens
3.6 White Space
3.7 Comments
3.8 Identifiers
3.9 Keywords
3.10 Literals
3.11 Separators
3.12 Operators
Chapter 4. Types, Values, and Variables
4.1 The Kinds of Types and Values
4.2 Primitive Types and Values
4.3 Reference Types and Values
4.4 Type Variables
4.5 Parameterized Types
4.6 Type Erasure
4.7 Reifiable Types
4.8 Raw Types
4.9 Intersection Types
4.10 Subtyping
4.11 Where Types Are Used
4.12 Variables
Chapter 5. Conversions and Contexts
5.1 Kinds of Conversion
5.2 Assignment Contexts
5.3 Invocation Contexts
5.4 String Contexts
5.5 Casting Contexts
5.6 Numeric Contexts
Chapter 6. Names
6.1 Declarations
6.2 Names and Identifiers
6.3 Scope of a Declaration
6.4 Shadowing and Obscuring
6.5 Determining the Meaning of a Name
6.6 Access Control
6.7 Fully Qualified Names and Canonical Names
Chapter 7. Packages
7.1 Package Members
7.2 Host Support for Packages
7.3 Compilation Units
7.4 Package Declarations
7.5 Import Declarations
7.6 Top Level Type Declarations
Chapter 8. Classes
8.1 Class Declarations
8.2 Class Members
8.3 Field Declarations
8.4 Method Declarations
8.5 Member Type Declarations
8.6 Instance Initializers
8.7 Static Initializers
8.8 Constructor Declarations
8.9 Enum Types
Chapter 9. Interfaces
9.1 Interface Declarations
9.2 Interface Members
9.3 Field (Constant) Declarations
9.4 Method Declarations
9.5 Member Type Declarations
9.6 Annotation Types
9.7 Annotations
9.8 Functional Interfaces
9.9 Function Types
Chapter 10. Arrays
10.1 Array Types
10.2 Array Variables
10.3 Array Creation
10.4 Array Access
10.5 Array Store Exception
10.6 Array Initializers
10.7 Array Members
10.8 Class Objects for Arrays
10.9 An Array of Characters Is Not a String
Chapter 11. Exceptions
11.1 The Kinds and Causes of Exceptions
11.2 Compile-Time Checking of Exceptions
11.3 Run-Time Handling of an Exception
Chapter 12. Execution
12.1 Java Virtual Machine Startup
12.2 Loading of Classes and Interfaces
12.3 Linking of Classes and Interfaces
12.4 Initialization of Classes and Interfaces
12.5 Creation of New Class Instances
12.6 Finalization of Class Instances
12.7 Unloading of Classes and Interfaces
12.8 Program Exit
Chapter 13. Binary Compatibility
13.1 The Form of a Binary
13.2 What Binary Compatibility Is and Is Not
13.3 Evolution of Packages
13.4 Evolution of Classes
13.5 Evolution of Interfaces
Chapter 14. Blocks and Statements
14.1 Normal and Abrupt Completion of Statements
14.2 Blocks
14.3 Local Class Declarations
14.4 Local Variable Declaration Statements
14.5 Statements
14.6 The Empty Statement
14.7 Labeled Statements
14.8 Expression Statements
14.9 The if Statement
14.10 The assert Statement
14.11 The switch Statement
14.12 The while Statement
14.13 The do Statement
14.14 The for Statement
14.15 The break Statement
14.16 The continue Statement
14.17 The return Statement
14.18 The throw Statement
14.19 The synchronized Statement
14.20 The try statement
14.21 Unreachable Statements
Chapter 15. Expressions
15.1 Evaluation, Denotation, and Result
15.2 Forms of Expressions
15.3 Type of an Expression
15.4 FP-strict Expressions
15.5 Expressions and Run-Time Checks
15.6 Normal and Abrupt Completion of Evaluation
15.7 Evaluation Order
15.8 Primary Expressions
15.9 Class Instance Creation Expressions
15.10 Array Creation and Access Expressions
15.11 Field Access Expressions
15.12 Method Invocation Expressions
15.13 Method Reference Expressions
15.14 Postfix Expressions
15.15 Unary Operators
15.16 Cast Expressions
15.17 Multiplicative Operators
15.18 Additive Operators
15.19 Shift Operators
15.20 Relational Operators
15.21 Equality Operators
15.22 Bitwise and Logical Operators
15.23 Conditional-And Operator &&
15.24 Conditional-Or Operator ||
15.25 Conditional Operator ? :
15.26 Assignment Operators
15.27 Lambda Expressions
15.28 Constant Expressions
Chapter 16. Definite Assignment
16.1 Definite Assignment and Expressions
16.2 Definite Assignment and Statements
16.3 Definite Assignment and Parameters
16.4 Definite Assignment and Array Initializers
16.5 Definite Assignment and Enum Constants
16.6 Definite Assignment and Anonymous Classes
16.7 Definite Assignment and Member Types
16.8 Definite Assignment and Static Initializers
16.9 Definite Assignment, Constructors, and Instance Initializers
Chapter 17. Threads and Locks
17.1 Synchronization
17.2 Wait Sets and Notification
17.3 Sleep and Yield
17.4 Memory Model
17.5 final Field Semantics
17.6 Word Tearing
17.7 Non-Atomic Treatment of double and long
Chapter 18. Type Inference
18.1 Concepts and Notation
18.2 Reduction
18.3 Incorporation
18.4 Resolution
18.5 Uses of Inference
Chapter 19. Syntax
Index
Appendix A. Limited License Grant
Limited License Grants
Disclaimer of Warranties
Limitation of Liability
Restricted Rights Legend
Report
General Terms
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