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by Arun Kejariwal, John Allspaw
The Art of Capacity Planning, 2nd Edition
Preface
Why We Wrote and Revised This Book
Focus and Topics
Audience for This Book
Organization of the Material
Conventions Used in This Book
O’Reilly Safari
Using Code Examples
We’d Like to Hear from You
Acknowledgments
1. Goals, Issues, and Processes in Capacity Planning
Background
Preliminaries
Quick and Dirty Math
Predicting When Systems Will Fail
Make System Stats Tell Stories
Buying Stuff
Performance and Capacity: Two Different Animals
The Effects of Social Websites and Open APIs
Readings
Resources
2. Setting Goals for Capacity
Different Kinds of Requirements and Measurements
External Service Monitoring
SLAs
Business Capacity Requirements
User Expectations
Architecture Decisions
Providing Measurement Points
Resource Ceilings
Hardware Decisions (Vertical, Horizontal, and Diagonal Scaling)
Disaster Recovery
Readings
Resources
3. Measurement: Units of Capacity
Capacity Tracking Tools
Fundamentals and Elements of Metric Collection Systems
Round-Robin Database and RRDTool
Ganglia
Simple Network Management Protocol
Treating Logs as Past Metrics
Monitoring as a Tool for Urgent Problem Identification
Network Measurement and Planning
Load Balancing
Applications of Monitoring
Application-Level Measurement
Storage Capacity
Database Capacity
Caching Systems
Establishing Caching System Ceilings
Special Use and Multiple Use Servers
API Usage and Its Effect on Capacity
Examples and Reality
Summary
Readings
Resources
4. Predicting Trends
Riding the Waves
Trends, Curves, and Time
Tying Application Level Metrics to System Statistics: Database Example
Forecasting Peak-Driven Resource Usage: Web Server Example
Caveats Concerning Small Datasets
Automating the Forecasting
Safety Factors
Procurement
Procurement Time: The Killer Metric
Just-in-Time Inventory
The Effects of Increasing Capacity
Long-Term Trends
Traffic Pattern Changes
Application Usage Changes and Product Planning
Iteration and Calibration
Best Guesses
Diagonal Scaling Opportunities
Summary
Readings
Resources
5. Deployment
Automated Deployment Philosophies
Goal 1: Minimize Time to Provision New Capacity
Goal 2: All Changes Happen in One Place
Goal 3: Never Log in to an Individual Server (for Management)
Goal 4: Have New Servers Start Working Automatically
Goal 5: Maintain Consistency for Easier Troubleshooting
Automated Installation Tools
Preparing the OS Image
The Installation Process
Automated Configuration
Defining Roles and Services
An Example: Splitting Off Static Web Content
User Management and Access Control
Ad Hockery
Example 2: Multiple Datacenters
Summary
Readings
Resources
6. Autoscaling
The Challenge
Autoscaling on Amazon EC2
Design Guidelines
Scalability Analysis
Properties
Autoscaling by Fixed Amount
Scaling by Percentage
Startup Time Aware Scaling
Potpourri
Advanced Approaches
Summary
Readings
Resources
A. Virtualization
Overview
Looking Back and Moving forward
B. Dealing with Instantaneous Growth
Mitigating Failure
Graceful Degradation and Disabling Heavy Features
Baked Static Pages and Beyond
Cache but Serve Stale
Handling Outages
C. Capacity Tools
Monitoring
Metric Collection and Event Notification Systems
Ad Hoc Measurement and Graphing Tools
Deployment Tools
Automated OS Installation
Configuration Management
Cluster Management/Container Orchestration
Inventory Management
Trend Analysis and Curve Fitting
Books on Queuing Theory and the Mathematics of Capacity Planning
Index
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