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Part II: Tools
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Part II: Tools
by Peter Lundqvist, Miguel Barreiros
QOS-Enabled Networks, 2nd Edition
Cover
Title Page
About the Authors
Foreword
Preface
History of This Project
Who Should Read This Book?
Structure of the Book
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Part I: The QOS Realm
1 The QOS World
1.1 Operation and Signaling
1.2 Standards and Per-Hop Behavior
1.3 Traffic Characterization
1.4 A Router without QOS
1.5 Conclusion
References
Further Reading
2 The QOS Tools
2.1 Classifiers and Classes of Service
2.2 Metering and Coloring—CIR/PIR Model
2.3 The Policer Tool
2.4 The Shaper Function
2.5 Comparing Policing and Shaping
2.6 Queue
2.7 The Scheduler
2.8 The Rewrite Tool
2.9 Example of Combining Tools
2.10 Delay and Jitter Insertion
2.11 Packet Loss
2.12 Conclusion
Reference
3 Challenges
3.1 Defining the Classes of Service
3.2 Classes of Service and Queues Mapping
3.3 Inherent Delay Factors
3.4 Congestion Points
3.5 Trust Borders
3.6 Granularity Levels
3.7 Control Traffic
3.8 Trust, Granularity, and Control Traffic
3.9 Conclusion
Further Reading
4 Special Traffic Types and Networks
4.1 Layer 4 Transport Protocols: UDP and TCP
4.2 Data Center
4.3 Real-Time Traffic
Reference
Further Reading
Part II: Tools
5 Classifiers
5.1 Packet QOS Markings
5.2 Inbound Interface Information
5.3 Deep Packet Inspection
5.4 Selecting Classifiers
5.5 The QOS Network Perspective
5.6 MPLS DiffServ-TE
5.7 Mixing Different QOS Realms
5.8 Conclusion
References
6 Policing and Shaping
6.1 Token Buckets
6.2 Traffic Bursts
6.3 Dual-Rate Token Buckets
6.4 Shapers and Leaky Buckets
6.5 Excess Traffic and Oversubscription
6.6 Comparing and Applying Policer and Shaper Tools
6.7 Conclusion
Reference
7 Queuing and Scheduling
7.1 Queuing and Scheduling Concepts
7.2 Packets and Cellification
7.3 Different Types of Queuing Disciplines
7.4 FIFO
7.5 FQ
7.6 PQ
7.7 WFQ
7.8 WRR
7.9 DWRR
7.10 PB-DWRR
7.11 Conclusions about the Best Queuing Discipline
Further Reading
8 Advanced Queuing Topics
8.1 Hierarchical Scheduling
8.2 Queue Lengths and Buffer Size
8.3 Dynamically Sized versus Fixed-Size Queue Buffers
8.4 RED
8.5 Using RED with TCP Sessions
8.6 Differentiating Traffic inside a Queue with WRED
8.7 Head versus Tail RED
8.8 Segmented and Interpolated RED Profiles
8.9 Conclusion
Reference
Further Reading
Part III: Case Studies
9 The VPLS Case Study
9.1 High-Level Case Study Overview
9.2 Virtual Private Networks
9.3 Service Overview
9.4 Service Technical Implementation
9.5 Network Internals
9.6 Classes of Service and Queue Mapping
9.7 Classification and Trust Borders
9.8 Admission Control
9.9 Rewrite Rules
9.10 Absorbing Traffic Bursts at the Egress
9.11 Queues and Scheduling at Core-Facing Interfaces
9.12 Queues and Scheduling at Customer-Facing Interfaces
9.13 Tracing a Packet through the Network
9.14 Adding More Services
9.15 Multicast Traffic
9.16 Using Bandwidth Reservations
9.17 Conclusion
Further Reading
10 Case Study QOS in the Data Center
10.1 The New Traffic Model for Modern Data Centers
10.2 The Industry Consensus about Data Center Design
10.3 What Causes Congestion in the Data Center?
10.4 Conclusions
Further Reading
11 Case Study IP RAN and Mobile Backhaul QOS
11.1 Evolution from 2G to 4G
11.2 2G Network Components
11.3 Traffic on 2G Networks
11.4 3G Network Components
11.5 Traffic on 3G Networks
11.6 LTE Network Components
11.7 LTE Traffic Types
11.8 LTE Traffic Classes
11.9 Conclusion
References
Further Reading
12 Conclusion
Index
End User License Agreement
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4 Special Traffic Types and Networks
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5 Classifiers
Part II
Tools
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