- Achilles tendon, 59
- Anatomy of the human body
- head proportions, 176
- measurement system for, 174
- muscles and connective tissues, 178–179
- proportional guide, 177
- skeletal system, 174–176
- Ancient Greeks, 174
- Ankle/ankle bones, 56, 58, 59, 61
- Arleo, Adrian, 93, 119
- Armature
- about, 33
- assembling lower body parts on, 51
- construction, 33–34
- placing upper leg on, 64
- preparing, for assembling body parts on, 52
- upper leg shapes placed onto, 64
- wood and rods for, 20
- Arms, 87–91
- Arneson, Robert, 15
- Artists. See Clay artists
- Assembling the sculpture. See also Head, the
- arms, 87–90
- breasts to the figure, 84
- dryness of clay for, 53
- footprints, 55
- hair, 114
- the hands, 126–132
- joining slip made for, 52
- keys used for, 52–53
- lower leg to footprint, 55–56
- pelvis, 67, 68–70
- scoring and slipping for, 53
- steps in, 51
- tips for, 53
- tools and materials for, 51
- upper body, 75
- upper legs, 63–66
- Bailey DRD/II 24 Direct Drive/S/R, 42
- Banding wheel, 20, 26
- Beecroft, Vanessa, 15
- Big toe, 61
- Biles, Russell, 73, 94
- Biodegradable plastic. See Plastic
- Blocker, Lotta, 141
- Blocking in, 151
- Bodem, Robert, 141
- Body, language of the, 11
- Bone dry clay, 52, 54
- Bones, 75, 174–176
- Bone structure, facial, 102, 104, 106
- Breast line, 78
- Breasts, 75, 83–84
- Brow bone, 102, 106
- Cadell, Melisa, 166
- Calipers, 23, 59, 64, 65. See also Measurements
- Calmar, Lars, 94, 165
- Canon (system of measurement), 174
- Canova, Antonio, 15
- Cardinal views, 9, 30, 32, 139, 149, 167–168
- Carpal bones, 127
- Cavener, Beth, 15, 94, 119
- Centerline, 47, 78, 79, 80, 177
- Ceramics, 9, 11, 15
- Charcoal renderings, 29
- Chin, 103, 108, 112, 176
- Clamp lights, 26
- Clavicles, 80, 174
- Clay. See also Slabs
- dryness of, for joining body parts, 53, 54, 70
- extra material, 79
- for fleshing out core forms, 142
- rehydrating, 54
- types of, 22–23
- used to form representational sculptures throughout history, 11–12
- Clay artists. See also individual names
- Claire Partington, 85–86
- Eudald de Juana, 37–39
- Grzegorz Gwiazda, 158–159
- Javier Marin, 156–157
- Judy Fox, 48–49
- of today, 15
- Clay knife, 25
- Clay slabs. See Slabs
- Cleaning, studio, 18
- Cline, Tricia, 95, 136
- Compressor, 28
- Computer, 26
- Concha (ear), 108, 112
- Connective tissue, 178–179
- Contrapposto pose, 64
- Córdova, Cristina
- Core form, definition, 146
- Cracking, preventing, 53, 160, 161
- Cross-hatching, 43, 55–56, 63, 68, 76, 145
- Curneen, Claire, 119, 134
- Curvilinear perception, 150–151
- Daylight bulbs, 20, 26
- Decorative figures, 13
- De Juana, Eudald, 37–39, 123, 137
- Deltoid, 80, 178
- De Staebler, Stephen, 15
- Dowel, 63
- Drying, before firing, 160–161
- Dryness, clay, 53, 54, 70, 76
- Ears, 108, 112
- Elbow, 89
- Equipment, 26–28
- Erdahl, Thaddeus, 123
- Espinosa, Susana, 136
- External contour lines, 149
- External supports, 36
- Extra slow cone 2 firing, 163
- Eyelids, 106
- Eyeline, 47, 102, 176
- Eye modeling tool, 24
- Eyes, 105, 110, 180
- Facial features, 102–103, 105–112, 180
- Favre, Sophie, 121
- Feet. See Foot/feet
- Female body, major bones of the, 175
- Fibula, 58, 61
- Figurative modeling, 9
- Fingernails, 128
- Fingers, 126–127, 128
- Finger tools, 25
- Finishing slip, 26
- Firing, 160–163
- Fleshing, 139–151
- Foot/feet, 58–61, 70
- Footprints, 55, 56
- Foran, Jacob, 120
- Fork, 53
- Fox, Judy, 15, 48, 72, 95, 136, 137
- Frey, Viola, 15
- Galleries, 71–73, 92–95, 117–123, 134–137, 164–166
- Gallo, Alessandro, 71, 165
- Gesture, establishing, 79, 80
- Glazes/glazing, 18, 26, 155, 160
- Goat hair brushes, 25
- Gregor, Michelle, 165
- Gwiazda, Grzegorz, 158–159
- Hair, 114
- Hands, 125–137
- Head shape pattern, 45–47
- Head, the, 97–123
- Heat gun, 28
- Heel, 59
- Humanistic figures, 13
- Illustrative references, 174–180
- Inspiration, 29–33
- Intermediate views, 9, 169–173
- Isupov, Sergei, 121, 136
- Italian Renaissance, 12, 15
- Iwamura, En, 15, 121, 122
- James, Richard W., 123
- Jawline, 99, 100
- Jeanclos, George, 15, 134
- Jeck, Doug, 15, 93, 120
- Joining slip, 26, 52–53
- Keeney, Christy, 72, 119
- Keys/keying, 52–53
- Kilns, 18, 28, 155, 160–161
- Kim, Rami, 121
- Knee, 56, 66, 176
- Knife with small scoring tool, 24
- Knuckle line/knuckles, 58, 59, 126, 127
- Laguna/Axner, 22
- Laroque, Jean Pierre, 15
- Leather hard clay, 54
- LED bulbs, 20, 26
- Legs
- attaching pelvis to, 70
- hole in, 64
- keeping dry, 70
- lower, 55–56
- upper, 63–67
- Leigh, Simone, 15
- Levia, Max, 71, 72
- Life size compositions, 12, 30, 91
- Lights/lighting, 20, 26, 148
- Lips, 108, 110, 112, 180
- Lira, Benjamin, 97
- Lower legs, 55–56
- attaching upper leg to, 64–66
- Lyon, Ashley, 73
- Lysippus, 174
- Marin, Javier, 156–157
- Mayan culture, 11, 12
- Measurements, 9. See also Proportions
- for the arm(s), 88–89
- with calipers, 23
- for hands, 126, 132
- for the head, 102–103, 105
- head shape pattern, 45–46
- for life size pieces, 30
- for the pelvis, 68
- with seamstress tape, 23–24
- when attaching breasts, 84
- when preparing the torso to meet the pelvis, 78–79
- Measurement system, 174
- Medallion with Virgin Mary and child (Robbia), 10
- Metacarpal bones, 127, 128
- Metal rods
- for armature, 20, 33, 34
- for arms, 87, 90
- for external support, 36, 53
- for footprints, 55
- for lower leg, 55–56
- for upper leg, 63, 64
- for venting, 140
- Michelangelo, 15
- Mirror tile, in the studio, 22
- Mister/misting, 25, 54, 76
- Model reference photos, 169–173
- Models, 30
- Morey, Crystal, 120, 135
- Mouth, 103, 108, 113, 176
- Mudtool ribs, 24
- Mueck, Ron, 97
- Muscles
- facial, 113
- major muscles in the female body, 178–179
- upper body, 75
- Mythological/religious figures, 13
- Nails, 62, 128
- Natural lighting, 20
- Navel, 78, 80
- Neck, 75, 82, 115–116
- Nose, 103, 107, 108, 110, 176, 180
- Nylon brushes, 25, 128
- Ocular cavities, 102, 105
- Olds, Claudia, 137
- Orbicularis oris muscle, 113
- Ortiz, Virgil, 72
- Oxides, 155
- Paddles, 25, 79, 82, 149
- Palm(s), 127, 128, 130
- Paper clay, 22, 36, 54, 161
- Park, Kyungmin, 120
- Partington, Claire, 85–86, 93, 166
- Patterns. See also Templates
- benefits of using, 44
- head shape, 45–47, 98–104
- how to create your own, 45
- modifying in accordance with photographic references, 51
- Pelvis, 51, 67, 68–70, 78–79
- Phalanges, 58, 61, 127
- Photographic references, 9
- for fleshing out core forms, 141, 142
- four cardinal views, 167–168
- for hands, 126
- making a head shape pattern without, 45–46
- model reference photos, 169–173
- modifying patterns in accordance with, 51
- for pelvis, 68
- processing and printing, 30, 32
- reading contours with additional, 141
- sculpture stand when using, 18
- sourcing, 30
- upper body, 78–79, 80, 88, 89
- for upper legs, 64
- work surface and, 18, 20
- Planar perception, 149–150
- Plastic, 23
- protecting composition with, 54, 70, 76, 90
- tracing footprints onto, 55
- Plensa, Jaume, 147
- Polykleitos, 174
- Powell, Joanna, 93
- Proportions
- female head, 176
- proportional guide, 177
- system of measurement for, 174
- Proto-slab, 20, 22, 43
- Pubic area, 70, 80
- Rag/terry cloth, 25
- Rathbone, Kelly, 94, 123
- Registration keys. See Keys/keying
- Reinertson, Lisa, 135
- Respirator, 18
- Rhythm, 151
- Robbia, Luca della, 10, 15
- Rods. See Metal rods
- Rolling pin, 20, 22, 41, 43–44
- Safety, in the studio, 18
- Scale
- adjusting measurements when not working at full, 23–24
- for clay objects used to create patterns, 46
- computer used for, 26
- patterns/templates and, 44, 45, 46, 47
- photographic references printed to, 30, 32, 141
- working in smaller, 29, 30
- Scapulae, 176
- Sculpture rakes, 24
- Sculpture stand, 18, 20, 26
- S curve, 151
- Seamstress tape, 23–24
- Serrated rib, 24, 43–44, 55
- Shadow lines, 148–149
- Shadows, 146, 148
- Shimazu, Esther, 71, 137
- Shop towels, 23
- Shrinkage, 80, 160
- Shrink slabs, 28, 160
- Silhouette, 148, 149
- Simonsson, Kim, 135, 165
- Sketches, 29, 45, 46
- Skull, 99, 100
- Slab roller, 20, 26, 42, 43
- Slabs
- about, 41
- clay dryness for building, 54
- making a, 40–44
- monitoring water content of, 54, 70
- upper leg, 63
- Slip
- about, 25
- joining, 52–53
- mixing, 18
- used when fleshing out core form, 145
- for venting, 140
- Slipping and scoring
- arms, 90
- hands, 130
- the head, 105, 116
- head to the neck, 116
- lower leg edges, 55
- lower leg to footprint, 56
- the neck, 82
- overview, 53
- pelvis, 68, 70
- torso, 76
- upper and lower legs together, 64
- upper leg, 63, 66
- when joining body parts, 53
- Slow cone 2 firing, 162–163
- Small wire loop tools, 25
- Spray booth, 18, 28
- Spray bottle, 25, 54
- Staschke, Dirk, 15
- Stecko, Kathy, 93
- Sternum, 80
- Storer, Suzanne, 122
- Studio
- equipment for, 26–28
- lighting for, 20
- safety in, 18
- setting up, 16–18
- tools for the, 18–25
- work surface for, 18, 20
- Suárez, Jaime, 11
- Superior orbital compartment, 106
- Surface development, 153–166
- considerations for, 155
- dryness of clay, 160–161
- firing, 160–163
- firing supports, 160
- gallery, 164–166
- of Gwiazda, Grzegorz, 158–159
- of Marin, Javier, 156–157
- testing and, 155
- Symmetry, 149
- Takamori, Akio, 15, 73, 166
- Temperature, firing, 155
- Templates, 9–10, 181–188. See also Patterns
- Terra-cotta, 11, 12
- Terry cloths, 25, 140
- Testing surfaces, 155
- Themes, in figurative sculpture, 13
- Thickness strips, 20, 43–44
- Threaded rod. See Metal rods
- Three-dimensional sketching, 45
- Tibia, 58, 61
- Toenails, 62
- Toes, 58, 60
- Toland, Tip, 15, 95, 97, 122
- Tools and materials, 18–25. See also Clay
- Toothed stainless-steel tool, 53
- Torso, 76–80
- Transitional views, 26, 32, 141
- Trapezius muscle, 82, 176, 178
- Trapezoid, 23
- Trimming material, 79
- Turntable, on top of a table, 20
- Two-dimensional sketching, 45
- Upper body, 75–95
- Upper legs, 51, 63–67
- Warashina, Patti, 15
- Watercolor renderings, 29
- Wedel, Matt, 15
- Wire brush scoring tool, 53, 83
- Wire tool, 23, 43
- Wooden boards, 26
- Wooden finger tool, 80
- Wooden paddle, 25
- Wood, for armature, 20
- Wood point head tool/finger tool, 25
- Workspace. See Studio
- Work surfaces, 18, 20
- Wrist, 126, 127, 132
- X-ACTO knife, 24, 47, 53
- Xiem stainless steel tools, 24
- Yamada, Kensuke, 135
- Yuh, Sunkoo, 166
- Zhang, Wanxin, 73
- Zygomatic arch, 102
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