CHAPTER 14
1 The categories of rasa (‘aesthetic experience’ and ‘chemical or substance’) and ānanda (‘joy’ of art, experience and life), for example.
2 In fact, plays such as Prabodhacandrodaya and Jīvanāndanam had actually been composed, one of them as late as the eighteenth century, to dramatize the whole event of falling ill and recovering, ending with the joy or bliss (ānanda) that accompanies good health resulting from the cultivation of moral values.
3 Suśrutasaṃhitā, 1.12.
4 It is said that Caraka, an Afghan resident of Gandhara, the kingdom ruled by Nagnajit, was a contemporary of the great Persian King Daryus (Darius) in the 6th century BC, and a teacher at the University of Taxila.
5 In the first chapter of the fourth division of Carakasaṃhitā, in the chapter titled śarīrasthāna, Caraka seeks to define duḥkha, sorrow, and vedanā, suffering, and analyse their causes and their cures. Here, we only note that the vocabulary of his discussion is that of the six systems, ṣaḍa-darśana: puruṣa, prakṛti, ātmā, buddhi, manaḥ, indriya, bhoga, karma, bhāva, dhṛti, smṛti, prajñā, tṛṣṇa, mokṣa, terms from Sāṁkhya, Yoga, Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika.
6 Sāṁkhyasūtra.
7 See Vaiśeṣikasūtra, karikā 85, which is cited as authority.
8 Cikitsā is a key concept of Indian thought in grammar, philosophy, medicine and art. The word, made up of the prefix ci- and the verb root ökit, followed by the -san affix, means ‘to systematically act almost as an act of devotion to restore or cure or elevate/purify’.
9 It protects and promotes the health of the healthy and cures the ills of the ailing.