Cables, electrical, 328
Calorimetry, GL2-35t
Cameras, 380
Capacitance, 311–312
Capacitors, 310–311
Capital cost of equipment, 440
Capital write-off time, 440
Carbon dioxide footprint, GL2-6
Carbon steels, GL2-50, GL2-60–GL2-64
Carburizing, 239
Carnot, Sadi Nicolas, 244
Casting, of metals, 480–481, 480f
Cast iron, 489–490, 489f–490f
Cathodic protection, 410f
CD case, 39–40, 446, 447t
Ceramic(s)
alloys, GL2-3
applications of, A-4t–A-5t
atom packing in, 62, 63f
corrosion resistance in, 404t–405t
creep and, 292–293
crystals, GL1-12–GL1-15, GL1-12f–GL1-13f
defects in, 120–122
density of, A-7t–A-8t
as family, 15f
fracture in, 177, 178f
fracture toughness in, A-13t–A-14t
glass points of, A-5t–A-6t
historic, 3f
microstructure of, 464–465, 465f
phase diagrams, GL2-28–GL2-33, GL2-29f
prehistoric, 3f
processing of, 493
properties of, 16
stress-strain curve for, 113f
tensile strength in, A-11t–A-12t
thermal conductivity of, A-15t–A-16t
thermal expansion of, A-15t–A-16t
yield strength in, A-11t–A-12t
Young’s modulus in, A-9t–A-10t
Ceramic coatings, 412t
Change, phase, 265–266
Chart(s)
bar, 21–22, 22f
bubble, 22, 23f
creep strength-density, 281–282
electrical properties, 314–316
embodied energy, GL2-7–GL2-8, GL2-13f–GL2-14f, GL2-17f
endurance limit, 197–198
fracture toughness-modulus, 174–175, 175f
fracture toughness-strength, 175–176, 176f
magnetic properties, 348–350
maximum service temperature, 280, 281f
melting point, 280
modulus-density, 57, 58f
modulus-relative cost, 57–59, 58f
modulus-strength, 118–119
optical properties, 371–372
reflectivity-refractive index, 371–372, 373f
refractive index-dielectric constant, 371, 372f
remanence-coercive field, 348–349, 348f
saturation-magnetization-susceptability, 349–350, 349f
strength-density, 116–118, 117f
strength-dielectric loss, 316
strength-electrical resistivity, 315
thermal conductivity, 248–250, 248f
thermal conductivity-electrical resistivity, 315
thermal expansion, 248–250, 248f
wear rate-hardness, 230–231
Chemical properties, 8, 9f
Chemical segregation, 180, 180f
Classification
of materials, 14–17, 15f
of processes, 18–20, 18f
Cleavage fracture, 177, 178f
Climb, dislocation, 288–289, 289f
Close packed hexagonal atom packing, GL1-4–GL1-6, GL1-4t–GL1-5t, GL1-5f, 59–60, 60f
Clutches, 237–238
Coarsening, precipitate, 474–475
Coat, bond, 299
Coatings
active, 411
application of, 413f
ceramic, 412t
metallic, 411–412, 412t
polymeric, 411–412, 412t
protective, 403, 411–414
self-generated, 411
thermal barrier, 298–299
Coefficient of friction, 228, 230
Coercive field, 327, 346
Coffin, Lou, 193–194
Cohesive energy, 65–66
Cold drawing, 112–114
Color, 378–379, 379f
Columns
buckling of, 89, 89f
yielding of, 142
Compatibility, material, 424–426, 435
Composites, A-4t–A-5t, 70, 498–499
Composition gradient, GL2-45–GL2-48
Compression, 83–84
Compressive crushing strength, 115
Compressive surface stress, 200–201, 201f
Computer-aided information management, 23
Computer-aided material selection, 99–100
Computer-aided process selection, 442–443, 443f
Concentrations
alloy, GL2-3–GL2-4
stress, 149–151, 150f
Condensers, 310–311
Conduction
electrons, 319
ionic, 317–318
Conductivity
electrical, 309–310, 316–318
thermal, A-15t–A-16t, 247–250, 247f–249f, 254–257, 315
Connecting rod, 215–216, 216f, 447–450, 448f–449f, 448t–449t
Constitution point, GL2-12, GL2-12f
Consumption
Contact stresses, 148–149, 149f
Cooling rate, critical, 477–478
Corkscrew case study, 101, 101f, 156
Corrosion, 395
configuration and, 406–411
fatigue, 403
fighting, 403–416
geometry and, 406–411
inhibitors, 403, 414, 415t
intergranular, 402–403
monitoring, 403, 416
pitting, 402–403
resistance rankings, 404t–405t
selective, 402–403
Corundum structure, GL1-14–GL1-15, GL1-14f, GL1-15t
Cost
Coulomb, Charles Augustin, 310
Crack tip plastic zone, 172–174, 172f
Crash barriers, GL2-18–GL2-19, GL2-25f
Crazing, 126f, 127
Creep, 276
Creep activation energy, 277–278
Creep curves, 276–278, 277f
Creep damage, 278–279
Creep exponent, 276–277
Creep fracture, 278–279, 289–290, 291f
Creep mechanism, in polymers, 290–292
Creep modulus, 302
Creep relaxation, 301–302, 301f
Creep resistance, 292–294
Creep-rupture diagrams, 278–279, 279f
Creep strength, 281–282
Creep testing, 276–278, 277f
Crevices, corrosion and, 410f
Critical configuration, 130
Critical cooling rate, 477–478
Critical strain energy release rate, 171
Cross-linking, 135
Crystalline imperfection, 120–122, 121f
Crystallography, 59
Crystal structures, GL1-2–GL1-6
Cumulative damage, 194–195
Curie, Pierre, 326
Curie temperature, 326–327
Cushions, 104–105