6 Characteristics of Lightning Strokes Francisco De la Rosa
Introduction • Lightning Generation Mechanism • Parameters of Importance for Electric Power Engineering • Incidence of Lightning to Power Lines • Conclusions • References
7 Overvoltages Caused by Direct Lightning Strokes Pritindra Chowdhuri
Direct Strokes to Unshielded Lines • Direct Strokes to Shielded Lines • Significant Parameters • Outage Rates by Direct Strokes • Effects of Induction for Direct Strokes • Ground Impedance and Corona under Lightning • References
8 Overvoltages Caused by Indirect Lightning Strokes Pritindra Chowdhuri
Inducing Voltage • Induced Voltage • Green’s Function • Induced Voltage of a Doubly Infinite Single-Conductor Line • Induced Voltages on Multiconductor Lines • Effects of Shield Wires on Induced Voltages • Stochastic Characteristics of Lightning Strokes • Estimation of Outage Rates Caused by Nearby Lightning Strokes • Estimation of Total Outage Rates • Appendix A: Voltage Induced by Linearly Rising and Falling Return-Stroke Current • References
9 Switching Surges Stephen R. Lambert
Transmission Line Switching Operations • Series Capacitor Bank Applications • Shunt Capacitor Bank Applications • Shunt Reactor Applications • References
10 Very Fast Transients Juan A. Martinez-Velasco
Origin of VFT in GIS • Propagation of VFT in GIS • Modeling Guidelines and Simulation • Effects of VFT on Equipment • References
11 Transmission System Transients: Grounding William A. Chisholm
General Concepts • Material Properties • Electrode Dimensions • Self-Capacitance of Electrodes • Initial Transient Response from Capacitance • Ground Electrode Impedance: Wire over Perfect Ground • Ground Electrode Impedance: Wire over Imperfect Ground • Analytical Treatment of Complex Electrode Shapes • Numerical Treatment of Complex Electrode Shapes • Treatment of Multilayer Soil Effects • Layer of Finite Thickness over Insulator • Treatment of Soil Ionization • Design Process • Design Recommendations • Appendix A: Relevant IEEE and IEC Standards in Lightning and Grounding • References
12 Transient Recovery Voltage Thomas E. McDermott
Fault Interruption Process • Analysis Principles • TRV for Transformer-Fed Faults • TRV for Capacitor Bank Switch Opening • TRV for Line-Fed Faults • TRV forCurrent-Limiting Reactor Faults • Switchgear Tests and Standards • TRV Mitigation • References
13 Surge Arresters Thomas E. McDermott
Arrester Types and Auxiliary Equipment • Ratings and Tests • Selection by TOV • Selection by Energy Rating • Arrester Modeling • Applications • References
14 Insulation Coordination Stephen R. Lambert
Insulation Coordination • Insulation Characteristics • Probability of Flashover • Flashover Characteristics of Air Insulation • References
Pritindra Chowdhuri received his BSc in physics and MSc in applied physics from University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India, MS in electrical engineering from Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, and DEng in engineering science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.
He has worked for General Electric Company in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Schenectady, New York, and Erie, Pennsylvania, as a development engineer and for Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, as a staff member. He joined Tennessee Technological University (TTU) in 1986 as a professor of electrical engineering in the Center for Electric Power (later Center for Energy Systems Research) and the Department of Electrical Engineering. He retired from TTU in 2005 as emeritus professor.