Endnotes

  1. 1. Hamel, G. (2007, October 1). Break free! Fortune, 119–126.

  2. 2. Keenan, F., and Ante, S. (2002, February 18). The new teamwork. BusinessWeek e.biz, 12–16.

  3. 3. Vance, A. (2013, February 25). SAP dials it up to warp speed. Bloomberg Businessweek, 27–28.

  4. 4. Hitt, M., Ireland, R., and Hoskisson, R. (2014). Strategic management (9th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western.

  5. 5. Cincinnati Business Courier. (2005, December 8). British Airways signs $2.3B deal with GE. http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/stories/2005/12/05/daily51.html.

  6. 6. Ante, S. (2003, June 23). Savings tip: Don’t do it yourself: Human resources and accounting are but two cost centers ripe for outsourcing. BusinessWeek, 78–79.

  7. 7. Nucor Web site. (2014, May 26). Corporate overview. http://www.nucor.com/story/chapter1.

  8. 8. Pixar Web site. (2008, September 11). Corporate overview. www.pixar.com/companyinfo/about_us/overview.htm.

  9. 9. Grove, A. (2010, July 5). How to make an American job. Bloomberg Businessweek, 48–55.

  10. 10. Dobriansky, J. (2004, June). Business process reengineering: The cornerstone of successful enterprise IT systems implementation. Contract Management, 44, 28–30.

  11. 11. Hammer, M., and Champy, J. (1993). Reengineering the corporation. New York: HarperCollins.

  12. 12. Ibid.

  13. 13. Greengard, S. (1993, December). Reengineering: Out of the rubble. Personnel Journal, 48B–48O; Verity, J. (1993, June 21). Getting work to go with the flow. BusinessWeek, 156–161.

  14. 14. Hammer, M., and Champy, J. (1993). Reengineering the corporation. New York: HarperCollins.

  15. 15. Ibid.

  16. 16. Katzenback, J., and Smith, D. (1993, March–April). The discipline of teams. Harvard Business Review, 111–120.

  17. 17. Thompson, L. L. (2011). Making the team: A guide for managers (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice-Hall.

  18. 18. Kuipers, B., and de Witte, M. (2005, February). Teamwork: A case study on development and performance. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18, 185–201.

  19. 19. Jassawalla, A. R., and Sashittal, H. C. (1999). Building collaborative cross-functional new product teams. Academy of Management Executive, 13(3), 50–63.

  20. 20. Colvin, G. (2012, December 5). The art of the self-managing team. Fortune. www.management.fortune.cnn.com/2012/12/05/self-managing-workers/.

  21. 21. Caudron, S. (1993, December). Are self-directed teams right for your company? Personnel Journal, 76–84.

  22. 22. Bassin, M. (1996, January). From team to partnerships. HRMagazine, 86–92.

  23. 23. Balkin, D., and Montemayor, E. (2000). Explaining team-based pay: A contingency perspective based on the organizational life cycle, team design, and organizational learning literatures. Human Resource Management Review, 10, 249–269.

  24. 24. Kirsner, S. (1998, April). Four lessons on teamwork from SEI investments. Fast Company, 132.

  25. 25. Graham, V. (2008, January–February). Shared leadership. Home Business, 90; Carson, J., Tesluk, P., and Marrone, J. (2007). Shared leadership in teams: An investigation of antecedent conditions and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1217–1234.

  26. 26. Orsburn, J., Moran, L., Musselwhite, E., and Zenger, J. (1990). Self-directed work teams. Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin.

  27. 27. Ibid.

  28. 28. Dumaine, B. (1994, September 5). The trouble with teams. Fortune, 86–92.

  29. 29. Caramanica, L., Ferris, S., and Little, J. (2001, December). Self-directed teams: Use with caution. Nursing Management, 77.

  30. 30. Orsburn, J., Moran, L., Musselwhite, E., and Zenger, J. (1990). Self-directed work teams. Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin.

  31. 31. Chatman, J., and Flynn, F. (2001). The influence of demographic heterogeneity on the emergence and consequences of cooperative norms in work teams. Academy of Management Journal, 44, 956–974.

  32. 32. Morningside, M. C. (2011, September 22). Four common types of teams in organizations. Yahoo! Voices. www.voices.yahoo.com/four-common-types-teams-organizations-9152247.html?cat=3.

  33. 33. Lawler, E. (1992). The ultimate advantage. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

  34. 34. Ferrazzi, K. (2012, October 24). How successful virtual teams collaborate. HBR Blog Network. www.hbr.org/cs/2012/10/how_to_collaborate_in_virtua.html; Hertel, G., Geister, S., and Konradt, U. (2005). Managing virtual teams: A review of current empirical research. Human Resource Management Review, 15, 69–95.

  35. 35. Kostner, J. (2001, October). Bionic eTeamwork. Executive Excellence, 78.

  36. 36. Majchrzak, A., Malhotra, A., Stamps, J., and Lipnack, J. (2004, May). Can absence make a team grow stronger? Harvard Business Review, 131–137.

  37. 37. Ibid.

  38. 38. Steers, R. (1984). Introduction to organizational behavior (2nd ed.). Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.

  39. 39. Herzberg, F. (1968, January–February). One more time: How do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review, 52–62.

  40. 40. Lofquist, L., and Dawis, R. (1969). Adjustment to work: A psychological view of man’s problems in a work-oriented society. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

  41. 41. Locke, E. (1968). Toward a theory of task motives and incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3, 157–189.

  42. 42. Pinder, C. (1984). Work motivation. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.

  43. 43. Hackman, J. R., and Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 250–279.

  44. 44. Hackman, J. R., and Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the job diagnostic survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60, 159–170; Hackman, J. R., and Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 250–279; Hackman, J. R., and Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

  45. 45. Hackman, J. R., and Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley; Fried, Y., and Ferris, G. R. (1987). The validity of the job characteristics model: A review and meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 40, 287–322; Pinder, C. C. (1984). Work motivation: Theory, issues and applications. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.

  46. 46. Behson, S., Eddy, E., and Lorenzet, S. (2000). The importance of critical psychological states in the job characteristics model: A meta-analytic and structural equations modeling examination. Current Research in Social Psychology, 5(12), 170–189.

  47. 47. Hackman, J. (1976). Work design. In Hackman, J., and Suttle, J. (Eds.). Improving life at work, 96–162. Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear.

  48. 48. Denton, D. K. (1992, August). Redesigning a job by simplifying every task and responsibility. Industrial Engineering, 46–48.

  49. 49. Szilagyi, A., and Wallace, M. (1980). Organizational behavior and performance (2nd ed.). Santa Monica, CA: Goodyear.

  50. 50. Lawler, E. (1986). High involvement management. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

  51. 51. Ibid.

  52. 52. Steers, R. (1984). Introduction to organizational behavior (2nd ed.). Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.

  53. 53. Drach-Zahavy, A. (2004). The proficiency trap: How to balance enriched job designs and the team’s need for support. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 979–996; McKee, J. (2012, April 17). Job enrichment vs. job enlargement. TechRepublic. www.techrepublic.com/blog/tech-manager/job-enrichment-vs-job-enlargement/7695.

  54. 54. Grant, A. M. (2012). Giving time, time after time: Work design and sustained employee participation in corporate volunteering. Academy of Management Review, 37, 589–615; Grant, A. M. (2007). Relational job design and the motivation to make a prosocial difference. Academy of Management Review, 32, 393–417.

  55. 55. Campion, M. A., and Higgs, A. C. (1995, October). Design work teams to increase productivity and satisfaction. HRMagazine, 101–107.

  56. 56. Lawler, E. (1992). The ultimate advantage. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

  57. 57. Reiter-Palmon, R., et al. (2006). Development of an O*NET Web-based job analysis and its implementation in the U.S. Navy: Lessons learned. Human Resource Management Review, 16, 294–309.

  58. 58. Drauden, G. M. (1988). Task inventory analysis in industry and the public sector. In S. Gael (Ed.), The job analysis handbook for business, industry, and government, 105–171. New York: Wiley and Sons.

  59. 59. Flanagan, J. C. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51, 327–358.

  60. 60. McCormick, E., and Jeannerette, R. (1988). The position analysis questionnaire. In S. Gael (Ed.), The job analysis handbook for business, industry, and government, 880–901. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

  61. 61. Fine, S. A. (1992). Functional job analysis: A desk aid. Milwaukee, WI: Sidney A. Fine.

  62. 62. Harvey, R. (2002). Functional job analysis. Personnel Psychology, 55, 202–205.

  63. 63. National Research Council. (2010). A database for a changing economy: Review of the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

  64. 64. Singh, P. (2008). Job analysis for a changing workplace. Human Resource Management Review, 18, 87–99.

  65. 65. Chatman, J. A. (1989). Improving interaction organizational research: A model of person–organization fit. Academy of Management Review, 14, 333–349.

  66. 66. Cardy, R. L., and Dobbins, G. H. (1994). Performance appraisal: Alternative perspectives. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western.

  67. 67. Leonard, S. (2000, August). The demise of the job description. HRMagazine, 184.

  68. 68. Johnson, C. (2001, January). Refocusing job descriptions. HRMagazine, 66–72.

  69. 69. Cardy, R. L., and Dobbins, G. H. (2000, January). Jobs disappear when work becomes more important. Workforce, 30–32.

  70. 70. Cardy, R., and Dobbins, G. (1992, Fall). Job analysis in a dynamic environment. Human Resources Division News, 4–6.

  71. 71. Ibid.

  72. 72. Jones, M. (1984, May). Job descriptions made easy. Personnel Journal, 31–34.

  73. 73. Martinez, A. D., Laird, M. D., Martin, J. A., and Ferris, G. R. (2008). Job title inflation. Human Resource Management Review, 32, 19–27.

  74. 74. Fierman, J. (1994, January 24). The contingent work force. Fortune, 30–36.

  75. 75. Kira, M., and Balkin, D. (2012). Authentic work and organizational change: Some longitudinal evidence from a merger. Journal of Change Management, 121(1), 31–51; Kira, M., and Forslin, J. (2008). Seeking regenerative work in the post-bureaucratic tradition. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21, 76–91.

  76. 76. ManpowerGroup Web site (2013). www.manpowergroup.com.

  77. 77. Stewart, T. A. (1995, March 20). World without managers. Fortune, 72.

  78. 78. Uchitelle, L., and Kleinfield, N. R. (1996, March 3). The downsizing of America. New York Times, special report.

  79. 79. Flynn, G. (1999, September). Temp staffing carries legal risk. Workforce, 56–62; Bernstein A. (1999, May 31). Now temp workers are a full-time headache. BusinessWeek, 46.

  80. 80. Rich, M. (2010, December 20). Weighing costs, companies favor temporary help. New York Times, A1, A4; The Economist. (2000, June 10). Western Europe’s job-seekers limber up, 53–54.

  81. 81. Schaefer, H. L. (2009, October). Part-time workers: Some key differences between primary and secondary earners. Monthly Labor Review, 3–15.

  82. 82. Rogers, B. (1992, May). Companies develop benefits for part timers. HRMagazine, 89–90.

  83. 83. Berfield, S. (2006, July 24). Two for the cubicle. BusinessWeek, 88–92.

  84. 84. Hewlett, S., and Luce, C. (2005, March). Off-ramps and on-ramps: Keeping talented women on the road to success. Harvard Business Review, 43–54; Huff, C. (2005, May). With flextime, less can be more. Workforce Management, 65–68.

  85. 85. Davis-Blake, A., and Broschak, J. (2009). Outsourcing and the changing nature of work. The Annual Review of Sociology, 35, 321–340.

  86. 86. Wahlgren, E. (2004, April). The outsourcing dilemma. Inc. Magazine, 41–42.

  87. 87. Klaas, B., McClendon, K., and Gainey, T. (2001, Summer). Outsourcing HR: The impact of organizational characteristics. Human Resource Management, 125–138.

  88. 88. CPEhr Web site. (2014, May 27). HR outsourcing—research brief. www.cpehr.com/hr-articles/hr-outsourcing-research-brief.html.

  89. 89. James, G. (1997, November). Tipping the scales your way. Datamation, 48–53.

  90. 90. Sunoo, B. P., and Laabs, J. J. (1994, March). Winning strategies for outsourcing contracts. Personnel Journal, 69–78.

  91. 91. The Economist. (1994, April 23). Benetton: The next era, 68.

  92. 92. For information on a new twist on outsourcing, see Semler, R. (1993). Maverick. New York: Warner Books.

  93. 93. Doh, J. (2005). Offshore outsourcing: Implications for international business and strategic management theory and practice. Journal of Management Studies, 42, 695–704.

  94. 94. The Economist. (2003, December 13). Special report: Offshoring: Relocating the back office, 67–69.

  95. 95. Levy, D. (2005). Offshoring in the new global political economy. Journal of Management Studies, 42, 685–694.

  96. 96. Ante, S. (2004, January 12). Shifting work offshore? Outsourcer beware. BusinessWeek, 36–37; Kripalani, M., and Engardio, P. (2003, December 8). The rise of India. BusinessWeek, 66–76.

  97. 97. Pearce, J. (1993). Toward an organizational behavior of contract laborers: Their psychological involvement and effects on employee co-workers. Academy of Management Journal, 36, 1082–1096.

  98. 98. Albrecht, D. G. (1998, April). New heights: Today’s contract workers are highly promotable. Workforce, 43–48.

  99. 99. Brewster, M. (2004, December). The freelance conundrum. Inc. Magazine, 39.

  100. 100. Mullich, J. (2004, July). Giving employees something they can’t buy with a bonus check. Workforce Management, 66–67.

  101. 101. Cunningham, C., and Murray, S. (2005, February). Two executives, one career. Harvard Business Review, 125–132.

  102. 102. Denton, D. (1993, January–February). Using flextime to create a competitive workplace. Industrial Management, 29–31.

  103. 103. Pierce, J., and Dunham, R. (1992). The 12-hour work day: A 48-hour, eight-day week. Academy of Management Journal, 1086–1098.

  104. 104. Sunoo, B. P. (1996, January). How to manage compressed workweeks. Personnel Journal, 110.

  105. 105. Fisher, A. (2005, May 30). How telecommuters can stay connected. Fortune, 142; Greengard, S. (2005, March). Sun’s shining example. Workforce Management, 48–49.

  106. 106. Garvey, C. (2001, August). Teleworking HR. HRMagazine, 56–60.

  107. 107. Vartianen, M., Hakonen, M., Koivisto, S., Mannonen, P., Nieminen, M., Ruohomaki, V., and Vartola, A. (2007). Distributed and mobile work. Helsinki: University Press Finland.

  108. 108. Cullen, L. (2008, May 30). Finding freedom at work. Time Online. content.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1810690,00.html; Conlin, M. (2006, December 11). Bashing the clock. BusinessWeek, 60–68.

  109. 109. Valcour, M. (2013, March 8). The end of “results only” at Best Buy is bad news. HBR Blog Network. www.hbr.org/cs/2013/03/goodbye_to_work_at_be.html; Peterson, G. (2013, March 12). Cutting ROWE won’t cure Best Buy. Forbes. www.forbes.com/sites/garypeterson/2013/03/12/cutting_rowe_wont_cure_best-buy/.

  110. 110. Wescott, S. (2008, August). Beyond flextime: Trashing the workweek. Inc., 30–31; Ridge, S. (2007, March 19). Balance: The new workplace perk. Forbes.com. www.forbes.com/2007/03/19/work-life-health-lead-careers-worklife07-cz_sr_0319ridge.html.

  111. 111. Shipman, C., and Kay, K. (2009, June 1). A saner workplace. Businessweek, 66–69.

  112. 112. Kavanaugh, M., Gueutal, H., and Tannenbaum, S. (1990). Human resource information systems: Development and application. Boston, MA: PWS-Kent.

  113. 113. Dzamba, A. (2001, January). What are your peers doing to boost HRIS performance? HR Focus, 56.

  114. 114. Turnbull, I. (2005, April 25). Many reasons to track time. Canadian HR Reporter, 14.

  115. 115. Leonard, B. (1991, July). Open and shut HRIS. Personnel Journal, 59–62.

  116. 116. Ibid.

..................Content has been hidden....................

You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.
Reset