Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.
absorption, 217–25
agile, 227–31
factors, 219–25
Going the Distance Survey, 232–35
strategic agility and, 225–27
active inertia, 4, 81–90
warning signals of, 84–85
Adobe Systems, 35
advertising, 72
aerospace industry, 7
Afterburner, 168
Age of Turbulence, The (Greenspan), 22
agility, 66, 133–49, 151–72
absorption and, 217–35
brewing industry, 173–95
building an agile organization, 173–95
culture of, 185–92
iterative loops, 143–49
life cycle and, 197–216
loop, 147, 151–72
military and, 133–39, 143–44, 225
operational, 140–42
portfolio, 140–42, 198–216
strategic, 140–42, 225–27, 230, 254n.12, 257n. 6
types of, 137–42
winning through, 135–37, 175–78
agility loop, 147, 151–72
discussions to make choices, 152, 157–61, 171–72
discussions to make it happen, 152, 162–67, 171–72
discussions to make revisions, 152, 167–72
discussions to make sense, 152, 154–57, 171–72
Airbus A380s, 35
Air Force, U.S., 133–37, 139, 168
airline industry, 4, 8, 35, 41, 85, 97, 222, 224
deregulation of, 39, 41
Akron, Ohio, 3–4, 68, 73, 83, 85, 87, 103, 249n.12
Ali, Muhammad, 217–19, 227, 230
AltaVista, 35
Alvarez, Ralph, 124
Amazon, 41, 138
AmBev, 173, 185
American Steel and Wire, 1
American Stock Exchange, 39
Anheuser-Busch, 173–74, 177, 179, 192
anomalies, 94–111, 115, 128, 146
common, 96–102
get wrong fast, 106–111
pitfalls, 102–105
Antarctica, 174, 177–78, 179
Apple, 14, 226
appliance industry, 3, 7, 99
arbitrage, 97–98
ArcelorMittal, 6
Argentina, 176
Arison, Micky, 39–41
Arison, Ted, 25–44
Ashley, Laura, 88, 197, 229
Asian economic crisis (1997), 11, 195
Ask Jeeves, 35
AT&T, 142
Atari, 84
Atkins, Robert, 20–21
Atkins diet, 20–21
Austria, 47–52
automobile industry, 3, 4, 8, 68–69, 72, 76, 81–82, 163, 219, 229, 248n. 3
backward-L view of time, 27–32
Bahamas, 29
Banco Popular, 225–26
Banco Santander, 225–26
banking industry, 4, 7, 8, 101, 114, 192, 201, 225–26
2008 crisis, 35
bankruptcy, 3, 5, 88
barley, 12
belted bias tires, 82, 89
Beta Group, 210
beverage industry, 7, 223, 230
big bets, 59, 142
Black Swan, The (Taleb), 22
blindness, 100–101
Bloomberg, Michael, 6
Blue Circle Industries, 209–210
Blue Ocean Strategy (Kim and Mauborgne), 40–41
BMW, 72
bonds, 9
bonuses, 182
Boo.com, 74
Borlaug, Norman, 17–18
Boston, 85
Boston Consulting Group, 5, 202
matrix, 202
boxing, 217–19, 227, 230, 235
matrix, 236
Boyd, John, 135–37, 143, 253n. 7
OODA loop, 143–45, 147
BP, 187, 188, 215
Brahma, 174–92, 198
culture of agility, 185–90
employees, 182–85
leadership role, 190–92
organizational priorities, 180–82
turbulence and agility, 175–92
Brazil, 6, 160, 227
brewing industry, 174–92
BRIC economies, 10
economic crises, 175–76, 189–90, 193
industries and success rates, 7
turbulence, 14
brewing industry, 7, 13, 174–92
turbulence, 174–92
bricolage, 116–17, 252n.2
Bridgestone, 88
Browne, John, 215
budgeting, 152
buffering, 222, 258n.4
Buffett, Warren, 215
Busch, August IV, 173–74
Bush, George W., 70
Canada, 5
capitalism, 56
Caribbean Cruise, 8
Carnap, Rudolf, 246n.10
Carnegie, Andrew, 1
Carnival Cruise Lines, 4, 8, 25, 26–44, 71, 84, 138, 190, 226
Carter, Jimmy, 39
car wash, 59
cash reserves, 219, 220, 222–23
CEOs, 10, 14, 32, 84, 88, 89, 90, 129, 139, 161, 168, 181, 199, 208, 215
books written by, 84
clones, 85
cover curse, 84
headquarters, 84
insulation of power, 104
chance, 43–44
chat rooms, 128
Chicago, 67–68, 115
China, 6, 10, 15, 99–100, 107, 133, 134, 227
industries and success rates, 7
instant noodle market, 107–110
turbulence, 14
choices, making, 157–61, 171–72
Cisco, 14, 162, 193
Citigroup, 230
Cleveland Clinic, 124, 125
climate change, 63
clinical trials, 60
coal, 6
Coca-Cola, 223, 230
Collor de Mello, Fernando Affonso, 175–76
co-location, 126–28
comedy, improvisational, 115, 116, 119
Comin, Diego, 9
commitments, 63, 65, 66, 70–80, 166, 169, 248n.8
active inertia and, 81–90
escalating, 80
frames, 76–77, 79, 83
inescapable, 70–74
processes, 76, 77–78, 79, 86
reinforcing, 75–80
relationships, 76, 77, 78, 79, 86–87
resources, 76, 77, 79, 95–96
values, 76, 77, 78–79, 80, 87–88
commodities, 11
communism, 49–56
Compaq Computer, 87
competition, 11, 13–15, 22, 72, 246n.4
agility and, 137
Five Forces model, 49, 50
internal, 188–89
complexity, 11, 12–13, 22
computer industry, 4, 7, 36, 87, 197, 224, 226
confirmation bias, 96
conjecture-refutation cycle, 54–55, 57–58, 144, 146, 151
continuous interaction, 126–28
copiers, 83
corn, 12
Corning Corporation, 98
cost consciousness, 185, 189–90
cruise industry, 8, 25–45, 71, 85–86, 138, 190, 226
number of firms entering and exiting (1966–2008), 28
timing and, 38–42
turbulence, 26–45
Cuban missile crisis, 154–56, 158
currencies, 11
crises, 11
Daewoo, 198
data, RUSH, 120–26, 130, 178–79, 191
Data General, 4, 84
deal-killers, 58, 59
decline opportunity, 203–206, 212–13
Defense Department, 148
Dell, 87, 224
Dell, Michael, 6
Deming, W. Edwards, 144, 146
Denmark, 38–39, 41
Detroit, 4, 67, 76, 85, 89, 103
developed markets, success rates of, 8
devil’s advocate, 155–56
Diageo Ireland, 157, 159
Digital, 4
discipline, 151, 164
discovering patterns, 115–19
discussions, 151–72
before you call the meeting, 153
to make choices, 152, 157–61, 171–72
to make it happen, 152, 162–67, 171–72
to make revisions, 152, 167–72
to make sense, 152, 154–57, 171–72
through the agility loop, 151–72
disease, 15
diversification, 162, 198–200, 219–22
absorption and, 219–22
discount, 199
Dogpile, 35
domains, 7–8
dot-coms, 10
boom, 22
collapse, 10
Dow Jones Industrial Average, 39
Drexel Burnham Lambert, 187
Dubai, 224, 229
dynamism, 11–12, 22
earthquakes, 15, 33
Eastern Cruise Lines, 40
eBay, 14
economy, 9
categories of work and, 255n. 13
downturns, 161–62, 189–90, 193–95
global, 10–15, 44, 179, 194
golden opportunities and, 35
mid-1970s, 2, 26, 38
transformation in a downturn, 193–95
2008 crisis, 9, 10, 35
Edmondson, Amy, 129, 130
Ehrlich, Paul, 17–18
E Ink, 59–60
Einstein, Albert, 52, 54, 61
elderly, 21
electronics, 13, 161–62, 193–95
Embraer, 222
Emerging Business Opportunity (EBO) management system, 214
emerging markets, 13–14, 21, 222
competition, 13–15
success rates, 7
Emirates Air, 224, 229
empathy, 156
Enron, 10, 22, 187, 188
enterprise software, 6–7, 8
entrepreneurship, 22–23, 43, 56–60, 69, 95, 250n.5
anomalies and, 95–102
experiments, 58–60
environment, 10
epistemology, 55–56
error elimination, 54–55
ethanol, 12
Europe, 36, 101, 208
industries and success rates, 8
socialism, 49–52
tire industry, 81, 88–89
See also specific countries
excess employees, 221, 223, 228, 229
Excite, 35
execution, 162–67, 171–72, 192
experiment creep, 60
experiments, 146
entrepreneurial, 58–60
expertise, arrogance of, 102–103
failure, 43, 74, 168
falsifiability, 246n.10
famine, 17, 99
fashion industry, 7, 8, 88, 96, 97, 118–31, 154, 197, 229
improvisation, 118–31
Federal Express, 80, 142
F-86 Sabre, 133–37, 139, 144
finishing strong, 109–110
Finland, 161
Firestone, Harvey, 8, 67–90
Firestone Tire & Rubber, 8, 67–90, 103, 197–98, 207
active inertia, 81–90
after-tax profit, 89
commitments, 70–80
turbulence, 67–90
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 63
Flagship Cruises, 40
Flooz.com, 74
fluidity, 113–31
Fogelberg, Michael, 101
Food and Drug Administration, 60
food industry, 7, 57, 107
Atkins diet, 20–21
Chinese instant noodles, 107–110
fast food, 86, 98–99
innovations, 18, 19
junk food, 100
Forbes, 35, 84
Ford, Henry, 68, 71, 74, 78
Ford Motor Company, 78, 81, 86–87, 89, 163
Foreman, George, 217–19, 227
Fortune 500, 32
forward-L view of times, 30, 31
frames, 76–77, 79, 83
France, 81, 145, 242n.13
Fujisawa, Takeo, 107, 108
Fuld, Dick, 104
fund-raising, 58
Gap, 118, 126
gaps, 91–111
anomalies, 94–111
get wrong fast, 106–111
Garantia, 175–77, 179, 183, 187
Garanti Bank, 165
Gates, Bill, 22
GDP, 242n.13, 243n. 13
Genentech, 14, 104
General Electric, 140, 166, 183, 198, 199–201, 230
General Motors, 4, 8, 82, 219, 222, 229, 230
generation gap, 214–15
Germany, 5, 51, 225, 242n.13
military, 255n.15
Gifford, Kathie Lee, 36
Gilbert, Clark, 16
Gillette, 41
global economy, 10–15, 44, 179, 194
glucosamine, 102–103
Going the Distance Survey, 232–35
golden opportunities, 32–35,226
Goldman Sachs, 101–102, 154, 192, 201
Goodrich, B. F., 69, 73, 87, 89
Goodyear, 8, 89, 198
Google, 14, 35, 122
government support, 224, 229
Great Britain, 35, 51, 118, 242n.13
motorcycles, 92, 93
Great Depression, 69
Greece, 64, 144
Greenspan, Alan, 22
Grove, Andy, 104
Gulf War (1991), 10
gum dipping, 78
guru jinx, 84
Haier, 99, 169
halo effect, 241n.8
H&M, 118
Harvard Business School, 4, 23
heads-up work, 128
health care, 63, 100–101, 102, 124, 129
high switching costs, 219, 223–24
holistic data, 125
holistic experiments, 59–60
Home Depot, 14
Honda, 92–95, 96, 107–110, 219, 250n.4
HotBot, 35
housing prices, median U.S., 30, 31
Hume, David, 65
IBM, 83, 214
Icahn, Carl, 3
Iceland, 35
IDEO, 155
improvisation, 113–31, 252n.1
continuous interaction, 126–28
discovering patterns and, 115–19
fashion industry, 118–31
make it safe, 129–31
RUSH data, 120–26, 130
teams, 119–20
InBev, 173, 185, 192
India, 10, 98, 100–101, 121
turbulence, 14, 17
Indonesia, 4, 19–20, 95
industry. See specific industries
informality, 185, 188
Infoseek, 35
Infosys, 98, 103–104
ING Direct, 35
initial public offering (IPO), 39, 40
Inktomi, 35
innovation, 18, 19–21, 40–41
insight, 7
instant messaging, 128
Intel, 14, 36, 104
Internet, 10, 13, 16–17, 34, 74, 122, 126
inverse power law of opportunities, 32–38
investment management, 101–102
iPod, 226
Iraq, 53
Iraq War, 70
Ireland, 5
iron, 6, 19–20
Israel, 26
Italy, 18, 242n.13
iterative approaches, comparison of, 146–47
iterative loops, 143–49, 151
military and, 143–45, 147
Jamaica, 29
Japan, 13–14, 176, 242n.13
motorcycles, 92–93, 94
pet food, 122–23
Japan Inc., 13–14
jazz, 117, 119
Johnson & Johnson, 142, 198, 199, 230
Johnstone, Keith, 118
Journal of the American Medical Association, 20
Karmet, 5–6, 17
Kawashima, Kihachiro, 93–94
Kazakhstan, 5–6, 17
Kelley, Tom, 155
Kelvin, Lord, 96
Kennedy, Aaron, 57
Kennedy, John F., 2, 154, 155–56, 158
Khrushchev, Nikita, 155, 156, 158
Kidder, Peabody & Company, 200
Kim, W. Chan, 40
Kingsley Management, 59
Kirzner, Israel, 250n.5
Kodak, 83, 198
Korean War, 2, 133–37, 139
Kroc, Ray, 98–99
Kuhn, Thomas, 61–63
Large Hadron Collider, 62
Las Vegas, 42
latent slack, 223
layoffs, 223, 229
leadership, 151, 190–92, 210
discussions through the agility loop, 151–72
role, 190–92
leading firm, definition of, 242n.12
Lee Kun Hee, 194–95
Lehman Brothers, 9, 34, 104
Lemann, Jorge Paulo, 176
Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 252n.2
life cycle, 197–216
common pathologies, 207–216
decline phase, 203–206, 212–13
four stages, 202–206
managing across the, 212–13
mature phase, 202–206, 211–13, 215
portfolio agility and, 198–216
scale phase, 203–214
start-up phase, 202, 203–206, 210–14
linear approach, 145, 148, 253n.11
logical positivism, 55
London, 96, 118
London Business School, 8, 15
Love Boat, The (TV show), 39, 40, 41
low fixed costs, 219, 220, 225, 228
LTV, 5
luck, 29, 42–45
turbulence and, 42–45
Lycos, 35
MacCormack, Alan, 253n.11
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 43–45
map paradox, 63–66, 70, 168
Mardi Gras (ship), 25–27, 37
Marine Corps, U.S., 106, 108, 114, 137, 167
Markides, Costas, 41
Marxism, 49–55, 246nn.5, 10
matrices, portfolio, 202
mature opportunity, 202–206, 211–13, 215
Mauborgne, Renée, 40
McDonald’s, 86, 98–99, 100, 105, 124
McKinsey & Company, 3, 137, 138, 255n.13
media, 9
medical devices, 60, 98
Medtronix, 14
mental maps, 49–50, 56, 63, 102, 154
agility loop and, 151–72
commitments and, 70–80
entrepreneurs and, 56–60
fluidity of, 113–31
gaps and anomalies, 91–111
map paradox, 63–66, 70
Merck, 230
mergers and acquisitions, 3, 27
Mexico, 5, 19, 176
Miami, 25, 26, 29, 41, 42, 44
Michelin, 81, 88
Microsoft, 14, 35, 224, 226, 230
middle class, 21
Middle East, 7, 15
MiG 15, 133–37, 139, 144
military, 72, 106, 108–109, 119, 154
agility and, 133–39, 143–44, 225
iterative loops and, 143–45, 147
Korean War, 133–37
Mittal, Lakshmi, 4–6, 13, 15, 17, 18–21, 23, 43, 76, 84, 121–22, 226
Mittal Steel, 4–6, 76, 84, 95, 121, 165, 226, 231
Montagu, John, Earl of Sandwich, 19, 244n.32
Morgan, J. P., 1
mortgage crisis, of 2008, 13, 31
motorcycles, 91–95
Motorola, 8, 105
multiple independent units, 230
nanotechnology, 15
natural disasters, 15
Nazis, 26
Netflix, 97
Newton, Isaac, 52, 53, 61, 62
New York, 36, 44, 57, 126
9/11 terrorist attacks, 10, 12, 22, 27, 34, 35, 222
no-exit syndrome, 207–208
Nokia, 8, 105, 161–62, 193, 198
Noodles & Company, 57, 59
Nordstrom, 104
Norwegian Caribbean Line, 8, 26, 34–35, 38, 39, 40
oil, 12, 18, 72, 223
1973 crisis, 2
ONSET Ventures, 168–69
OODA loop, 143–45, 147, 151, 253n.7
operational agility, 140–42
opportunities, 18–21, 30, 157, 159, 174
agility and, 137, 138
changing tastes and, 20–21
common anomalies, 96–102
decline, 203–206, 212–13
discussions to make choices, 157–61
generation gap, 214–15
golden, 32–35, 226
inverse power law of, 32–38
life cycle, 198–216
mature, 202–206, 211, 212–13, 215
one size fits all, 211–14
portfolio, 202–216
scale, 203–214
start-up, 202, 203–206, 210, 211–14
too many, 211
turbulence and, 18–21
Oracle, 140, 244
organizational hydraulics, 180–82
packaging industry, 3, 80
pain, customer, 97
Pakistan, 17
Palestine, 26
P&O Princess Cruise Lines, 27, 34, 226
paradigm, 62
scientific, 61–63
partha system, 121
partial experiments, 59
partnerships, 185, 188–89, 224
passing surfaces, 108–109
patterns, discovering, 115–19
Paulson, Henry, 114
Pepsi, 223
performance, 185–86
performance management, 152
Persia, 144
pet food, 122–23
pharmaceuticals, 59, 60
Pittsburgh, 2, 3, 85
plunging into the fray, 106–107
Polaroid, 197, 229
Popper, Karl, 47–57, 61–65, 144, 146, 151, 246n.10
conjecture-refutation cycle, 54–55, 57–58, 144
Population Bomb, The (Ehrlich), 17]
Porter, Michal, 49, 50
portfolio:
imbalance, 207–216
matrices, 202
plotting a, 206
portfolio agility, 140–42, 198–216
life cycle, 198–216
power, insulation of, 104
powerful patron, 219, 221, 229
practice, 8, 44
Pricewaterhouse Coopers, 10
priorities, 159–60, 180–81
organizational, 180–82
probes, multiple, 108
processes, 76, 77–78, 79, 86
process management, 105
Procter & Gamble, 140, 142, 198, 199, 227
promises, 164–67
active, 165–66
explicit, 166–67
motivated, 167
public, 165
voluntary, 166
provisional knowledge, 52–53, 65
in the real world, 55–58
Prudential-Grace Lines, 40
Quicken, 97
radial tires, 81–82, 85–89
real estate, 18, 58, 59, 97
subprime mortgage crisis, 13, 31
real-time data, 121–22
recalls, consumer, 89–90
recession, 2, 161–62, 189–90
global, 44, 194–95
mid-1970s, 2, 26, 38
transformation in a, 193–95
of 2008, 9, 10, 35
reconnaissance, 107–108, 109
relationships, 76, 77, 78, 79, 86–87
resources, 76, 77, 79, 85–86
allocation, 152
restaurants, 57, 86, 98–99
revisions, making, 66, 167–72
Richards, Chet, 253n.7
risk, 15–18, 22
turbulence and, 15–18
Rome, 26
Rosenzweig, Phil, 241n.8
Rothschild, Edmond James de, 26
routine, seduction of, 104–105
Royal Bank of Canada, 165–66
Royal Caribbean, 26, 27, 34–35, 37, 38, 40, 42, 71
rubber industry, 8, 68
tires, 67–90
Rubin, Robert, 154
RUSH data, 120–26, 130, 178–79, 191
Russia, 10, 51, 176, 227
Ruble crisis (1998), 11
Rust Belt, 4
Samsung, 8, 13, 105, 140, 142, 193, 194–95, 198, 199
S&P Index, 9
sandwich, 19, 244n.32
San Francisco, 126
Saudi Arabia, 223
Saudi Aramco, 223
Saving Private Ryan (film), 117
scale opportunity, 203–214
Schultz, Howard, 22, 99
Schwab, Charles, 41, 97
science, 52, 53, 54, 61–63, 145, 246n.10
Sears, 77, 81, 89, 95
self-storage industry, 101
sense, making, 154–57, 171–72
shared data, 124–25
Shewhart, Walter, 146
Six Sigma, 105, 251n.27
skepticism, 64–65
Skeptics, 64
Smith, Fred, 80
socialism, 49–55, 65
Social Security, 21
software programming, 145, 146, 148
Sony, 41, 230
Soros, George, 6
South Korea, 194–95
industries and success rates, 8
Southwest Airlines, 41, 140, 142, 229
Soviet Union, 2, 133, 134, 136, 145
collapse of, 5, 161
Cuban Missile crisis, 155–56, 158
Spade, Kate, 97
Spain, 35, 37, 126, 225–26
sports stadiums, named after companies, 85
stability, 66
Stack, Charles, 138
staging experiments, 60
Staples, 14
Starbucks, 14, 72, 99
start-ups, 14, 56, 95, 159, 169, 247n.16, 248n.3
entrepreneurial experiments, 58–60
opportunity, 202, 203–206, 210, 211–14
steel industry, 1–6, 76, 95, 121–22, 197, 226, 231
turbulence, 1–6, 15, 17, 18–21, 43
stocks, 9, 39
dot-com collapse, 10
1980s bull market, 39, 41
1987 crash, 39–40
turbulence, 9–10, 242nn.9, 13
Stone, Dr. Kevin, 102–103
strategic agility, 140–42, 254n.12, 257n.6
absorption and, 225–27, 230
strategic planning, 152
strong ties, 103–104
subprime mortgage crisis, 13, 31
success, 6–8, 43, 74, 159, 241n.8
agility and, 135–37
markets, industries, and success rates, compared, 7–8
unexpected, 96–97
sudden-death threats, 33, 37
Sull, Donald, 147
Sun Microsystems, 122
supplement industry, 100, 102–103
swarming gaps, 108–109
Switzerland, 62
Taiwan, 107, 108, 109
Taiwan Semiconductor
Manufacturing Company, 225
Taleb, Nassim Nicholas, 22
teams, improvisational, 119
technology, 2, 10, 13, 98, 161, 243n.22, 249n.11
alternative uses, 98
dot-com boom, 22
dot-com collapse, 10
mini-mill, 2–3, 20
rubber industry, 69, 78
telecommunications, 6, 8, 161–62, 191
Telles, Marcel, 175–85
terrorism, 10, 12, 15, 222, 243n.18
Texas Instruments, 41
textiles, 34
Thailand, 11
threat rigidity, 16
threats, 15–18, 22, 30, 32, 33, 159, 174
inverse power law and, 33
sudden-death, 33, 37
3M, 160, 161, 211
time, 25–38
backward-L view of, 27–32
forward-L view of, 30, 31
turbulence and, 25–38
Times of London, 52
timing, 38–42
agility and, 138–39
turbulence and, 38–42
tire industry, 8, 67–90, 103, 197–98, 249nn.11–12
active inertia, 81–90
belted bias, 82, 89
commitments, 70–80
radials, 81–82, 85–89
turbulence, 67–90
tomato, 18
too big to fail, 219, 220
Top Gun (film), 135
Topshop, 118
Toyota, 4, 8, 14, 105, 140, 142, 193, 219, 229
trade-offs, 60, 229–30
transformation, 190, 192
in a downturn, 193–95
transparency, 185, 186–88
Treasury notes, 9
Trinidad, 18–19
Triumph motorcycles, 91, 92
Tropicale (ship), 38, 39, 40
Truman, Harry, 2
turbulence, 4
active inertia, 81–90
agile absorption and, 217–35
agility and, 133–49
agility loop and, 151–72
brewing industry, 174–92
building an agile organization and, 173–95
competition and, 11, 13–15, 22
complexity and, 11, 12–13, 22
cruise industry, 26–45
dynamism and, 11–12, 22
gaps and, 91–111
improvisation and, 113–31
life cycle, 197–216
luck and, 42–45
map paradox and, 47–66
rising, 9–15
risk and, 15–18
sources of, 11–15
steel industry, 1–6, 15, 17, 18–21, 43
stock markets, 9–10, 232nn.9, 13
terminology, 10
time and, 25–38
timing and, 38–42
tire industry, 67–90
upside of, 18–21, 22, 65
Twitter, 103, 128
Tyco, 198
unfiltered data, 122–24
Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company, 3–4
United Nations, 133, 134, 136, 139, 156
U.S. housing prices by decade, 30, 31
U.S. industries and success rates, 8
U.S. Steel, 1–4, 5, 6, 15, 17, 76, 230
U.S. Steel Tower, Pittsburgh, 2
USX, 3
V, Dr., 100–101
value-based management, overvaluing, 209–211
values, 76, 77, 78–79, 80, 87–88
venture capital, 14–15, 57–58, 144–45, 147, 244n.24
staging investments and, 144–45, 147
Vienna, 47–52
Vietnam War, 80
Vikings, 182–85
Voith Siemens Hydro Power Generation, 166–67
Wall Street Journal, 15, 30
Wal-Mart, 72, 140, 142, 176, 229
Wang, 4, 84
weak ties, 103
weapons of mass destruction, 15, 53
weather, 33
Welch, Jack, 84, 200
Wheeling-Pittsburgh, 5
Wild One, The (Film), 92, 94
World Economic Forum (2007), 15
World War I, 48, 145
World War II, 26, 225
Xerox, 83
X-rays, 96
Yahoo, 160
Zara, 118–31, 154, 178
zero-based budgeting, 190
Zonis, Meshulam, 37