SQL Statements
ALTER TABLE
ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME [MODIFY | ADD | DROP] [COLUMN COLUMN_NAME][DATATYPE|NULL NOT NULL] [RESTRICT|CASCADE] [ADD | DROP] CONSTRAINT CONSTRAINT_NAME]
Description: Alters a table's columns.
COMMIT
COMMIT [ TRANSACTION ]
Description: Saves a transaction to the database.
CREATE DOMAIN
CREATE DOMAIN DOMAIN_NAME AS DATA_TYPE [ NULL | NOT NULL]
Description: Creates a domain—an object that is associated with a data type and constraints.
CREATE INDEX
CREATE INDEX INDEX_NAME ON TABLE_NAME (COLUMN_NAME)
Description: Creates an index on a table.
CREATE ROLE
CREATE ROLE ROLE NAME [ WITH ADMIN [CURRENT_USER | CURRENT_ROLE]]
Description: Creates a database role to which system and object privileges can be granted.
CREATE TABLE
CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME ( COLUMN1 DATA_TYPE [NULL|NOT NULL], COLUMN2 DATA_TYPE [NULL|NOT NULL]É)
Description: Creates a database table.
CREATE TABLE AS
CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME AS SELECT COLUMN1, COLUMN2,… FROM TABLE_NAME [ WHERE CONDITIONS ] [ GROUP BY COLUMN1, COLUMN2,…] [ HAVING CONDITIONS ]
Description: Creates a database table based on another table.
CREATE TYPE
CREATE TYPE typename AS OBJECT ( COLUMN1 DATA_TYPE [NULL|NOT NULL], COLUMN2 DATA_TYPE [NULL|NOT NULL]É)
Description: Creates a user-defined type that can be used to define columns in a table.
CREATE VIEW
CREATE VIEW AS SELECT COLUMN1, COLUMN2,… FROM TABLE_NAME [ WHERE CONDITIONS ] [ GROUP BY COLUMN1, COLUMN2,… ] [ HAVING CONDITIONS ]
Description: Creates a view of a table.
DELETE
DELETE FROM TABLE_NAME [ WHERE CONDITIONS ]
Description: Deletes rows of data from a table.
DROP INDEX
DROP INDEX INDEX_NAME
Description: Drops an index on a table.
DROP TABLE
DROP TABLE TABLE_NAME
Description: Drops a table from the database.
DROP VIEW
DROP VIEW VIEW_NAME
Description: Drops a view of a table.
GRANT
GRANT PRIVILEGE1, PRIVILEGE2, … TO USER_NAME
Description: Grants privileges to a user.
INSERT
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME [ (COLUMN1, COLUMN2,…]
VALUES ('VALUE1','VALUE2',…)
Description: Inserts new rows of data into a table.
INSERT…SELECT
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME SELECT COLUMN1, COLUMN2 FROM TABLE_NAME [ WHERE CONDITIONS ]
Description: Inserts new rows of data into a table based on data in another table.
REVOKE
REVOKE PRIVILEGE1, PRIVILEGE2, … FROM USER_NAME
Description: Revokes privileges from a user.
ROLLBACK
ROLLBACK [ TO SAVEPOINT_NAME ]
Description: Undoes a database transaction.
SAVEPOINT
SAVEPOINT SAVEPOINT_NAME
Description: Creates transaction SAVEPOINTs in which to ROLLBACK if necessary.
SELECT
SELECT [ DISTINCT ] COLUMN1, COLUMN2,… FROM TABLE1, TABLE2,… [ WHERE CONDITIONS ] [ GROUP BY COLUMN1, COLUMN2,…] [ HAVING CONDITIONS ] [ ORDER BY COLUMN1, COLUMN2,…]
Description: Returns data from one or more database tables; used to create queries.
UPDATE
UPDATE TABLE_NAME
SET COLUMN1 = 'VALUE1',
COLUMN2 = 'VALUE2',…
[ WHERE CONDITIONS ]