Appendix D: AIA Document A201-2007 General Conditions of the Contract for Construction
by Richard H. Clough, Glenn A. Sears, S. Keoki Sears, Robert O. Segner, Jerald L. R
Construction Contracting: A Practical Guide to Company Management, 8th Edition
- Title Page
- Copyright
- Chapter 1: The Construction Industry
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 The Construction Project
- 1.3 Economic Importance
- 1.4 The People Involved on a Construction Project
- 1.5 Construction Categories
- 1.6 Project Financing
- 1.7 The Contract System
- 1.8 Project Delivery Methods
- 1.9 Types of Construction Contracts
- 1.10 Forms of Construction Contract Award
- 1.11 Forms of Negotiated Contracts
- 1.12 Basic Elements of Agreement in the Various Types of Cost-Plus Contracts
- 1.13 Competitive Sealed Proposals
- 1.14 Other Forms of Contracts
- 1.15 Small and Disadvantaged Business Enterprises
- 1.16 Seasonality in Construction
- 1.17 Licensing
- 1.18 License Bonds
- 1.19 Building Codes
- 1.20 Contractor Organizations
- 1.21 Management Practices in Construction
- 1.22 Business Failures in Construction
- 1.23 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 1 Review Questions
- Chapter 2: Business Ownership
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Alternative Forms
- 2.3 Construction Contracting Firms
- 2.4 The Individual Proprietorship
- 2.5 The General Partnership
- 2.6 Establishing a Partnership
- 2.7 Liability of a General Partner
- 2.8 Dissolution of a Partnership
- 2.9 Subpartnership
- 2.10 The Limited Partnership
- 2.11 The Corporation
- 2.12 The Foreign Corporation
- 2.13 Stockholders
- 2.14 Corporate Directors and Officers
- 2.15 The S Corporation
- 2.16 Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)
- 2.17 Limited Liability Company (LLC)
- 2.18 The Joint Venture
- 2.19 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 2 Review Questions
- Chapter 3: Company Organization
- Chapter 4: Project Design and Contract and Bid Documents for a Project
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 The Architect-Engineer
- 4.3 Designers' Professional Associations
- 4.4 Selection of the Architect-Engineer
- 4.5 Services Provided by the Architect-Engineer
- 4.6 Fee for Design Services
- 4.7 Responsibility to the Owner
- 4.8 Liability to Third Persons
- 4.9 Statutes of Limitations
- 4.10 Contractor Input into Design
- 4.11 Project Description—Communicating the Design
- 4.12 Announcing the Project to Contractors
- 4.13 Project Manual
- 4.14 Bid Documents
- 4.15 Instructions to Bidders
- 4.16 Contract Documents
- 4.17 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 4 Review Questions
- Chapter 5: Cost Estimating and Bidding
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 General
- 5.3 Types of Estimates
- 5.4 Preliminary Considerations Prior to Commencing the Estimate
- 5.5 Set-Asides
- 5.6 Qualification
- 5.7 The Decision to Bid
- 5.8 The Bidding Period
- 5.9 Prebid Meetings
- 5.10 Work to Be Self-Performed and Work to Be Subcontracted
- 5.11 Site Visit
- 5.12 Project Time Schedule
- 5.13 Preparing the Estimate
- 5.14 Estimating Labor Cost
- 5.15 Estimating Equipment Cost
- 5.16 Indirect Costs
- 5.17 Subcontractor Proposals
- 5.18 Markup
- 5.19 The Lump-Sum Recap Sheet
- 5.20 The Unit-Price Recap Sheet
- 5.21 Bid Changes
- 5.22 Finalizing the Estimate
- 5.23 The Proposal
- 5.24 Bidding Procedures
- 5.25 Submission of Proposals
- 5.26 Responsive Bid and Technicalities
- 5.27 Bid Spread
- 5.28 Out of the Money
- 5.29 The Acceptance Period
- 5.30 Rejection of Proposals
- 5.31 Withdrawal of Bid by Prime Contractor
- 5.32 Withdrawal of Bid by Subcontractor
- 5.33 List of Subcontractors
- 5.34 Contingencies Allowances and Subcontract Allowances
- 5.35 Disclaimers and Waivers
- 5.36 Bid Ethics
- 5.37 Bid Depositories
- 5.38 Bid Rigging
- 5.39 Unbalanced Bids
- 5.40 Complimentary Bids
- 5.41 State Preference Statutes
- 5.42 Scheduling Bid Dates
- 5.43 Scope Bidding
- 5.44 Range Estimating
- 5.45 Introducing Probabilistic Determinations into the Estimate
- 5.46 Computer-Based Estimating
- 5.47 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 5 Review Questions
- Chapter 6: Construction Contract Provisions
- 6.1 Introduction—Construction Contracts
- 6.2 Contract Clauses
- 6.3 Rights and Responsibilities of the Owner
- 6.4 Duties and Authorities of the Architect-Engineer
- 6.5 Indemnification
- 6.6 Rights and Responsibilities of the Contractor
- 6.7 Subcontracts
- 6.8 Subcontract Provisions
- 6.9 Contract Time
- 6.10 Liquidated Damages
- 6.11 Extensions of Time
- 6.12 Acceleration
- 6.13 Differing Site Conditions
- 6.14 Owner-Caused Delay
- 6.15 The Agreement
- 6.16 Letter of Intent
- 6.17 The Notice to Proceed
- 6.18 Acceptance and Final Payment
- 6.19 Termination of the Contract
- 6.20 The Warranty Period
- 6.21 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 6 Review Questions
- Chapter 7: Contract Surety Bonds
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Basic Elements of Understanding
- 7.3 Forms of Contract Bonds
- 7.4 Bid Bonds
- 7.5 Performance Bonds
- 7.6 Payment Bonds
- 7.7 Statutory and Common-Law Bonds
- 7.8 The Miller Act
- 7.9 Claims for Payment
- 7.10 Contract Changes
- 7.11 Bond Premiums
- 7.12 The Surety
- 7.13 Indemnity of Surety
- 7.14 Investigation by Surety
- 7.15 Rationale for Requiring Construction Bonds
- 7.16 Bonding Capacity of Contractors
- 7.17 The Surety Agent
- 7.18 Default by the Contractor
- 7.19 Contract Bonds and Type of Contract
- 7.20 Subcontract Bonds
- 7.21 Contract Bond Alternatives
- 7.22 Additional Surety Bonds
- 7.23 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 7 Review Questions
- Chapter 8: Construction Insurance
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Risk Management
- 8.3 Construction Risks
- 8.4 The Insurance Policy
- 8.5 Contract Requirements
- 8.6 Legal Requirements
- 8.7 Analysis of Insurable Risks
- 8.8 Construction Insurance Checklist
- 8.9 Project Property Insurance
- 8.10 Builder's Risk Insurance
- 8.11 All-Risk Builder's Risk Insurance
- 8.12 Named-Peril Builder's Risk Insurance
- 8.13 Builder's Risk Policy Premiums
- 8.14 Provision of Builder's Risk Insurance by the Owner
- 8.15 Subrogation
- 8.16 Termination of Builder's Risk Insurance
- 8.17 Contractor's Equipment Floater Policy
- 8.18 Property Insurance
- 8.19 Crime Insurance
- 8.20 Liability Insurance
- 8.21 Commercial General Liability Insurance
- 8.22 Bodily Injury and Property Damage Liability Insurance
- 8.23 Contractor's Protective Public and Property Damage Liability Insurance
- 8.24 Completed-Operations Liability Insurance
- 8.25 Contractual Liability Insurance
- 8.26 Third-Party Beneficiary Clauses
- 8.27 Personal Injury
- 8.28 Exclusions from Commercial General Liability Policy
- 8.29 Property Damage Liability Exclusions
- 8.30 Automobile Insurance
- 8.31 Professional Liability Insurance
- 8.32 Umbrella Excess Liability Insurance
- 8.33 Wrap-up Insurance
- 8.34 Owner's Liability Insurance
- 8.35 Subcontractors' Insurance
- 8.36 Group Insurance Plans
- 8.37 Employee Benefit Insurance
- 8.38 Certificates of Insurance
- 8.39 The Principles of Workers' Compensation
- 8.40 Workers' Compensation Laws
- 8.41 Administration of Workers' Compensation Laws
- 8.42 Workers' Compensation Benefits
- 8.43 Additional Provisions of Workers' Compensation Laws
- 8.44 Workers' Compensation Insurance
- 8.45 Workers' Compensation Insurance Rates
- 8.46 Workers' Compensation Deductible Plan
- 8.47 Workers' Compensation Self-Insurance
- 8.48 Employer's Liability Insurance
- 8.49 Nonoccupational Disability Insurance
- 8.50 Unemployment Insurance
- 8.51 Insurance Claims
- 8.52 Social Security
- 8.53 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 8 Review Questions
- Chapter 9: Business Methods
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Financial Records
- 9.3 Accounting Methods
- 9.4 Accounting for Long-Term Contracts
- 9.5 Percentage-of-Completion Method
- 9.6 Percentage-of-Completion Capitalized Cost Method
- 9.7 Completed-Contract Method
- 9.8 Financial Statements
- 9.9 The Income Statement
- 9.10 The Balance Sheet
- 9.11 Financial Ratios
- 9.12 Significance of Ratios
- 9.13 Construction Equipment Acquisition
- 9.14 Equipment Management
- 9.15 Equipment Depreciation
- 9.16 Straight-Line Depreciation
- 9.17 Accelerated Depreciation
- 9.18 Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS)
- 9.19 Procurement
- 9.20 Discounts by Vendors and Suppliers
- 9.21 Title of Purchases
- 9.22 A Contractor's Right to Check on Project Financing
- 9.23 Payment to the General Contractor
- 9.24 Payment Requests for Lump-Sum Contracts
- 9.25 Payment Requests for Unit-Price Contracts
- 9.26 Payment Requests for Cost-Plus Contracts
- 9.27 Final Payment
- 9.28 Payments to Subcontractors
- 9.29 Direct Payment
- 9.30 Backcharges
- 9.31 Payments to Material Suppliers
- 9.32 Cash Flow
- 9.33 Cash Forecasts
- 9.34 The Mechanic's Lien
- 9.35 Release of Lien
- 9.36 Assignment of Contracts
- 9.37 Marketing
- 9.38 Employee Motivation
- 9.39 Substance Abuse Programs
- 9.40 Job Site Crime
- 9.41 Employee Training Programs
- 9.42 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 9 Review Questions
- Chapter 10: Project Management and Administration
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Project Organization
- 10.3 The Project Manager
- 10.4 The Project Superintendent
- 10.5 Field Engineer
- 10.6 Owner Project Representative
- 10.7 Job Site Computers
- 10.8 Aspects of Project Management
- 10.9 Field Productivity
- 10.10 Project Administration
- 10.11 Project Meetings
- 10.12 Schedule of Owner Payments
- 10.13 Shop Drawings
- 10.14 Approval of the Shop Drawings
- 10.15 Quality Control
- 10.16 Total Quality Management
- 10.17 Materials Management
- 10.18 Expediting
- 10.19 Deliveries
- 10.20 Receiving
- 10.21 Inspection of Materials
- 10.22 Subcontractor Scheduling
- 10.23 Record Drawings
- 10.24 Disbursement Controls
- 10.25 Job Records
- 10.26 The Daily Job Log
- 10.27 Claims and Disputes
- 10.28 Claims in the Construction Industry
- 10.29 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
- 10.30 National Construction Dispute Resolution Committee (NCDRC)
- 10.31 Arbitration
- 10.32 Arbitration Procedure
- 10.33 Mediation
- 10.34 Mini-Trials
- 10.35 Dispute Review Boards
- 10.36 Neutral Evaluation
- 10.37 Settlement Conferences
- 10.38 Partnering
- 10.39 Lean Construction
- 10.40 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 10 Review Questions
- Chapter 11: Project Time Management
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 The Critical Path Method
- 11.3 General Considerations
- 11.4 Project Planning
- 11.5 Precedence Notation
- 11.6 The Precedence Diagram
- 11.7 Example Problem 1
- 11.8 The Network Format
- 11.9 Project Scheduling
- 11.10 Activity Durations
- 11.11 Time Contingency
- 11.12 Example Problem 2
- 11.13 Network Computations
- 11.14 Early Activity Times
- 11.15 Project Duration
- 11.16 Late Activity Times
- 11.17 Total Float
- 11.18 The Critical Path
- 11.19 Free Float
- 11.20 Least-Cost Project Shortening
- 11.21 Time-Scaled Networks
- 11.22 Significance of Floats
- 11.23 The Early-Start Schedule
- 11.24 Bar Charts
- 11.25 Resource Scheduling
- 11.26 Progress Monitoring
- 11.27 Progress Analysis
- 11.28 Schedule Updating
- 11.29 Fast-Tracking
- 11.30 Computers and Time Management
- 11.31 Delay Claims
- 11.32 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 11 Review Questions
- Chapter 12: Project Cost Management
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Project Cost Control
- 12.3 Data for Estimating
- 12.4 Accounting Codes
- 12.5 Job Cost Accounts
- 12.6 Monthly Cost Reports
- 12.7 Project Overhead
- 12.8 Labor and Equipment Costs
- 12.9 Cost Accounting
- 12.10 Labor and Equipment Budget
- 12.11 Cost Accounting Reports
- 12.12 Labor Time Cards
- 12.13 Time Card Preparation
- 12.14 Measurement of Work Quantities
- 12.15 Forms of Labor Reports
- 12.16 Weekly Labor Cost Reports
- 12.17 Equipment Cost
- 12.18 Equipment Time Cards
- 12.19 Equipment Cost Reports
- 12.20 Other Equipment Charges to Projects
- 12.21 Cost Information and Field Supervisors
- 12.22 Cost Control
- 12.23 Information for Estimating
- 12.24 Computer Application
- 12.25 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 12 Review Questions
- Chapter 13: Labor Law
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 History of Law of Labor Relations
- 13.3 The Norris-LaGuardia Act
- 13.4 The National Labor Relations Act
- 13.5 The Labor Management Relations Act
- 13.6 The Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act
- 13.7 Coverage of the National Labor Relations Act
- 13.8 The National Labor Relations Board
- 13.9 Representation Elections
- 13.10 Employer Unfair Labor Practices
- 13.11 Union Unfair Labor Practices
- 13.12 Charges of Unfair Labor Practices
- 13.13 Remedies
- 13.14 Union-Shop Agreements
- 13.15 Prehire Agreements
- 13.16 Union Hiring Halls
- 13.17 Secondary Boycotts
- 13.18 Common Situs Picketing
- 13.19 Subcontractor Agreements
- 13.20 Prefabrication Clauses
- 13.21 Jurisdictional Disputes
- 13.22 NLRB Jurisdictional Settlement
- 13.23 Voluntary Jurisdictional Settlement Plans
- 13.24 Payments to Employee Representatives
- 13.25 Political Contributions
- 13.26 The Civil Rights Act of 1964
- 13.27 Executive Order 11246
- 13.28 The Age Discrimination in Employment Act
- 13.29 The Davis-Bacon Act
- 13.30 Davis-Bacon Administration
- 13.31 The Copeland Act
- 13.32 The Fair Labor Standards Act
- 13.33 The Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act
- 13.34 The Hobbs Act
- 13.35 Immigration Reform and Control Act
- 13.36 The National Apprenticeship Act
- 13.37 The Drug-Free Workplace Act
- 13.38 Family and Medical Leave Act
- 13.39 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
- 13.40 ERISA
- 13.41 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 13 Review Questions
- Chapter 14: Labor Relations
- 14.1 The Construction Worker
- 14.2 Employment in the Construction Industry
- 14.3 Employee Benefits
- 14.4 The Union Contractor
- 14.5 The Role of the Unions
- 14.6 Union History
- 14.7 Construction Unions
- 14.8 The Local Union
- 14.9 Local Union Autonomy
- 14.10 Union Work Rules
- 14.11 The Business Agent
- 14.12 Collective Bargaining
- 14.13 Patterns of Bargaining
- 14.14 Withdrawal from Bargaining Unit
- 14.15 The Bargaining Process
- 14.16 Labor Agreements
- 14.17 Geographical Coverage of Agreements
- 14.18 Project Agreements
- 14.19 National Agreements
- 14.20 The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service
- 14.21 Employer Lockouts
- 14.22 Wages and Hours
- 14.23 Administration of the Labor Contract
- 14.24 Damage Suits
- 14.25 Prejob Conferences
- 14.26 The Merit-Shop Contractor
- 14.27 Sources of Open-Shop Labor
- 14.28 Apprenticeship Programs
- 14.29 Nonapprenticeship Training Programs
- 14.30 Supervisory Training
- 14.31 Present Construction Industry Status
- 14.32 Dual-Shop Operation
- 14.33 Union Reaction to Open Shop
- 14.34 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 14 Review Questions
- Chapter 15: Project Safety
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 The Cost of Construction Accidents
- 15.3 Safety Legislation
- 15.4 State Safety Codes
- 15.5 Federal Health and Safety Acts
- 15.6 The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
- 15.7 Site Inspections by OSHA
- 15.8 Penalties under OSHA
- 15.9 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
- 15.10 Multiemployer Work Sites
- 15.11 Contract Safety Requirements
- 15.12 Work Injury and Illness Recording
- 15.13 Work Injury and Illness Rates
- 15.14 OSHA and Industry Trade Associations, Construction Companies, and Individual Workers Are Making a Difference
- 15.15 Economic Benefits of Safety
- 15.16 Safety Services of Contractor Associations
- 15.17 The Role of Management in Safety
- 15.18 The Company Safety Program
- 15.19 The Project Safety Plan
- 15.20 Owners' Requirements Regarding Safety Policies and Plans
- 15.21 The Field Supervisor
- 15.22 Accident Records
- 15.23 Protection of the Public
- 15.24 The Cost of a Safety Program
- 15.25 Summary and Conclusions
- Chapter 15 Review Questions
- Appendix A: Instructions to Bidders
- Appendix B: AIA Document B101-2007 Standard Form of Agreement between Owner and Architect
- Appendix C: Construction Specification Institute MasterFormat 2014
- Appendix D: AIA Document A201-2007 General Conditions of the Contract for Construction
- Appendix E: Supplementary Conditions
- Appendix F: Sample Lump-Sum Proposal Form, with Reference to Addenda, and Alternates
- Appendix G: AIA Document A101-2007 Standard Form of Agreement between Owner and Contractor Where the Basis of Payment is a Stipulated Sum
- Appendix H: AIA Document A102-2007, Standard Form of Agreement between Owner and Contractor Where the Basis of Payment is the Cost of the Work Plus a Fee with a Guaranteed Maximum Price
- Appendix I: AIA Document A310-2010 Bid Bond
- Appendix J: AIA Document A312-2010 Performance Bond
- Appendix K: AIA Document A312-2010 Payment Bond
- Appendix L: AGC Document 655 Standard Form of Agreement between Contractor and Subcontractor
- Appendix M: AIA A401-2007 Standard Form of Agreement between Contractor and Subcontractor
- Appendix N: Construction Industry Arbitration Rules and Mediation Procedures of the American Arbitration Association
- Appendix O: Typical Construction Company General Ledger Accounts
- Index
- End User License Agreement
Appendix D
AIA Document A201-2007 General Conditions of the Contract for Construction
American Institute of Architects
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