Index
ADCs, see Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs)
Adder
analog adder
digital adder
Amplifier
behavioral model
common-mode feedback (CMFB)
DC gain
electrical characterization
design considerations
flicker noise
folded-cascode amplifier
gain-bandwidth product (GB)
gain boosting
output swing
slew rate (SR)
telescopic amplifier
thermal noise
two-stage amplifier
Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs)
flash ADCs
ideal performance
multilevel ADCs
Nyquist-rate ADCs
oversampling ADCs
pipeline ADCs
SAR ADCs
ΣΔ ADCs, see Sigma-delta (ΣΔ) ADCs
Antialiasing
antialiasing filter (AAF)
implicit AAF
Auxiliary blocks
Bandgap
Band-pass (BP)
filters
ΣΔ modulators, see Band-pass ΣΔ modulators (BP-ΣΔMs)
Band-pass ΣΔ modulators (BP-ΣΔMs)
LP-to-BP transformation
Baseband (BB)
Behavioral modeling
of CT integrators
of quantizers
of SC integrators
platforms
S-functions
Behavioral simulation
Bias current
Bonding
Buffer
digital output buffer
Building blocks
specifications
C-code
CAD tools, see Circuit aided design (CAD) tools
Calibration
Cancelation logic, see Digital cancelation logic (DCL)
Capacitor
array
decoupling capacitor
metal-insulator-metal (MiM) capacitor
metal-oxide-metal (MoM) capacitor
mismatch
nonlinearity
unit capacitor
Cascade ΣΔ modulators
cancelation logic, see Digital cancelation logic (DCL)
Case study
Circuit aided design (CAD) tools
CADENCE
HSPICE
MATLAB, see MATLAB
PSPICE
SIMSIDES, see SIMSIDES
SIMULINK
SPECTRE
SPICE-like
Circuit noise
flicker or 1/f noise, see Flicker noise
thermal noise, see Thermal noise
Clock
boosting
distribution
feedthrough
jitter
phase generator
Common-mode
feedback (CMFB)
voltage
Comparator
behavioral model
design considerations
electrical characterization
hysteresis
offset
resolution time
Concurrency
Control
circuit
signal
Continuous-time (CT)
filters
integrators
resonators
ΣΔ modulators, see Continuous-time ΣΔ modulators (CT-ΣΔMs)
Continuous-time ΣΔ modulators (CT-ΣΔMs)
direct synthesis
DT-to-CT transformation
effect of circuit noise
effect of clock jitter
effect of excess loop delay (ELD)
effect of finite amplifier gain
effect of integrator dynamics
effect of quantizer metastability
effect of time-constant error
impulse-invariant transformation (IIT)
intersymbol interference (ISI)
sources of distortion
Coupling
coupling of signals
substrate noise coupling
CPU time
Crosstalk
Current
bias current
current cells
current generator
current mirror
Current-steering (CS) DACs
design considerations
DACs, see Digital-to-analog converters (DACs)
Data weighted averaging (DWA)
pseudo-DWA
DC gain
amplifier DC gain
integrator leakage
nonlinearity
Decimation
Decimator
Delta-sigma ADCs, see Sigma-delta (ΣΔ) ADCs
Delta-sigma modulators, see Sigma-delta modulators (ΣΔMs)
Design rule checker (DRC)
Differentiator
Digital cancelation logic (DCL)
Digital output rate (DOR)
Digital signal processor (DSP)
Digital-to-analog converters (DACs)
current-steering DACs, see Current-steering (CS) DACs
feedback DAC
half-delay return-to-zero (HRZ) DAC
impulse response
multibit DAC
multilevel DAC
nonlinearity error
nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) DAC
return-to-zero (RZ) DAC
SC DAC
trilevel DAC
waveforms
Discrete time
discrete-time ΣΔ modulators (DT-ΣΔMs)
filters
integrators
resonators
Distortion
due to the amplifier nonlinear DC gain
due to the capacitor nonlinearity
due to the integrator nonlinear settling
due to the switch nonlinear on-resistance
harmonic distortion
intermodulation distortion
Dither
Dual quantization, see Quantization
Dynamic element matching (DEM)
Dynamic range (DR)
of an ideal ADC
of an ideal oversampling ADC
of an ideal ΣΔ ADC
of an ideal ΣΔ modulator
Effective number of bits (ENOB)
Efficiency
Electrostatic discharge (ESD)
Equivalent capacitive load
Equivalent noise bandwidth
Excess loop delay (ELD)
Experimental results, see Measurement results
Fast Fourier transform (FFT)
Feedback
distributed feedback
local feedback
global feedback
negative feedback
positive feedback
Feed-forward
coefficients
summation
Figure of merit (FOM)
aperture plot
conversion energy
energy plot
FOM of low-pass ΣΔ modulators
FOM of band-pass ΣΔ modulators
FIR filters
Flicker or 1/f noise
corner frequency
Flip-flop
Floorplan
Front-end
Full scale (FS)
Fully-differential circuits
Gain-bandwidth product (GB)
Graphic user interface (GUI)
Hardware description language (HDL)
Harmonic distortion, see Distortion
High-level
sizing
synthesis
High-order single-loop ΣΔ modulators
stability
with distributed feedback
with distributed feedback and feed-forward
with feedforward summation
Hybrid ΣΔ modulators (H-ΣΔMs)
active/passive ΣΔ modulators
CT/DT ΣΔ modulators
I{I}R filters, see Infinite impulse response (IIR)
Image-reject (IR) filter
Impulse-invariant transformation (IIT)
Incomplete settling, see Settling error of integrators
Infinite impulse response (IIR)
Integrator
active-RC integrator
continuous-time (CT) integrator
equivalent capacitive load, see Equivalent capacitive load
first or front-end integrator
forward-Euler (FE) integrator
Gm-C integrator
Gm-MC integrator
integrator leakage
integrator scaling
integrator transfer function (ITF)
integrator weight
lossless discrete (LD) integrator
MOSFET-C integrator
SC integrator
settling error, see Settling error of integrators
Intermediate frequency (IF)
Intermodulation distortion (IM), see Distortion
Intersymbol interference (ISI)
kT/C noise
Latch
CMOS latch
regenerative latch
set-reset (SR) latch
Layout
Layout parasitic extractor (LPE)
Layout versus schematic (LVS)
Leakage
integrator leakage
noise leakage
Logic analyzer
Loop filter
Low-noise amplifier (LNA)
Low-pass (LP)
filters
ΣΔ modulators, see Low-pass ΣΔ modulators (LP-ΣΔMs)
Low-pass ΣΔ modulators (LP-ΣΔMs)
Macromodel
of CT integrators
of DACs
of flash ADCs
of SC integrators
of switches
of transconductors
of ΣΔ modulators
Matching
dynamic element matching, see Dynamic element matching (DEM)
of capacitors
of resistors
of transistors
MATLAB
C-coded S-function
MATLAB code
MATLAB executable (MEX)
M-file
Measurement
results
set-up
Methodology
Mismatch
of capacitors
of resistors
of transistors
of unit elements
shaping
Mixer
Monte Carlo
Multibit ΣΔ modulators
dual quantization, see Dual quantization
dynamic element matching, see Dynamic element matching (DEM)
linearity
Multimode
Multirate
downsampling multirate
multirate ΣΔ modulators (MR-ΣΔMs)
upsampling multirate
Multistage (MASH) ΣΔ modulators, see Cascade ΣΔ modulators
Multistandard
Noise
budget
equivalent noise bandwidth
generation of noise data sequences
injection of noise in transient simulations
leakage
sources of noise in ΣΔ modulators, see Flicker noise and Thermal noise
switching noise
Noise transfer function (NTF)
optimized NTFs
pure-differentiator NTFs
Noise shaping
Nonlinearity
integral nonlinearity (INL)
of the amplifier DC gain
of capacitors
of DACs
of the switch on-resistance
Notch
Nyquist frequency
Nyquist theorem
Nyquist-rate ADCs
cyclic ADCs
flash ADCs
pipeline ADCs
SAR ADCs
Opamp, see Amplifier
Optimization
of the modulator coefficients
of the NTF
Oscillator
Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)
Voltage-controlled ring oscillator (VCRO)
Operational transconductance amplifier (OTA)
Output swing
Overload
modulator overload
overload level (OL)
quantizer overload
Oversampling
ADCs
fundamentals
oversampling ratio (OSR)
Package
Pad
Partitioning
Pattern generator
Parasitic dynamics
capacitance
inductance
resistance
Performance
comparison of ΣΔICs
ideal performance of ΣΔ modulators
metrics of ΣΔ modulators
Phase-locked loop (PLL)
Post-processing
Power spectral density (PSD)
of circuit noise
of quantization error
Printed circuit board (PCB)
Probability density function (PDF)
Programmability
Prototyping
Pulse-density modulation (PDM)
Quantization
dual quantization
fundamentals
midrise quantization
midtreat quantization
multibit quantization
single-bit quantization
step
time-coded quantization
Quantization error
cancelation of quantization error
fundamentals
white noise approximation
Quantizer
gain
metastability
model
overload
time-encoding quantizer (TEQ)
Radio
Radio frequency (RF)
Software-defined radio (SDR)
RF-to-digital conversion
Receiver
Reconfiguration
Reference voltage
Regenerative latch, see Latch
Register
Resistive ladder
Resistor
unit resistor
Resonation
global resonation
local resonation
Resonator
continuous-time (CT) resonator
Gm-C resonators
Gm-LC resonators
LC resonators
resonator transfer function (RTF)
SC resonator
Reuse
S-functions
Sample-and-hold (S&H)
Sampling
double sampling
fundamentals
sampling frequency or sampling rate
sampling time uncertainty
Scaling
coefficient
technology downscaling
integrator scaling
signal scaling
Settling error of integrators
SC integrator model
effect of the amplifier gain-bandwidth product
effect of the amplifier slew rate
effect of the switch on-resistance
Sigma-delta (ΣΔ) ADCs
Sigma-delta modulators (ΣΔMs)
band-pass ΣΔMs, see Band-pass ΣΔ modulators (BP-ΣΔMs)
block diagram
cascade ΣΔMs, see Cascade ΣΔ modulators
classification of ΣΔMs
continuous-time ΣΔMs, see Continuous-time ΣΔ modulators (CT-ΣΔMs)
discrete-time ΣΔMs, see Discrete-time ΣΔ modulators (DT-ΣΔMs)
figure of merit, see Figure of merit (FOM)
first-order ΣΔMs
high-order ΣΔMs, see High-order single-loop ΣΔ modulators and Cascade ΣΔ modulators
hybrid ΣΔ modulators, see Hybrid ΣΔ modulators (H-ΣΔMs)
ideal performance of ΣΔMs
low-pass ΣΔMs, see Low-pass ΣΔ modulators (LP-ΣΔMs)
multibit ΣΔMs, see Multibit ΣΔ modulators
multirate ΣΔMs, see Multirate ΣΔ modulators (MR-ΣΔMs)
performance metrics
SC ΣΔMs, see Switched-capacitor ΣΔ modulators (SC-ΣΔMs)
second-order ΣΔMs
single-loop ΣΔMs, see Single-loop ΣΔ modulators
state of the art, see State of the art
sturdy MASH (SMASH) ΣΔMs, see Sturdy MASH (SMASH) ΣΔMs
switched-current ΣΔMs (SI-ΣΔMs)
reconfigurable ΣΔ modulators
RF-to-digital ΣΔ modulators
Signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR)
Signal-to-noise-plus-distortion ratio (SNDR)
Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR)
Signal transfer function (STF)
Unity signal transfer function (USTF)
SIMSIDES
analysis menu
block diagrams
building-block libraries
C-MEX
examples
help
histogram
installation
model parameters
model libraries
Monte Carlo analysis
parametric analysis
S-functions
time-domain analysis
user interface
Simulation
behavioral simulation
electrical simulation
electromagnetic simulation
event-driven simulation
Monte Carlo simulation
multilevel simulation
simulation test benches
transient simulation
transistor-level simulation
Single-ended circuits
Single-loop ΣΔ modulators
high-order ΣΔ modulators, see High-order single-loop ΣΔ modulators
second-order ΣΔ modulators
Single-quantizer ΣΔ modulators, see Single-loop ΣΔ modulators
Single-stage ΣΔ modulators, see Single-loop ΣΔ modulators
Slew rate (SR)
Software-defined radio (SDR)
Stability
of cascade ΣΔ modulators
of high-order single-loop ΣΔ modulators
State of the art
Sturdy MASH (SMASH) ΣΔ modulators
Substrate
noise
Supply voltage
Switch
charge injection
design considerations
on-resistance
nonlinearity
Switched-capacitor (SC)
integrators
resonators
ΣΔ modulators, see Switched-capacitor ΣΔ modulators (SC-ΣΔMs)
Switched-capacitor ΣΔ modulators (SC-ΣΔMs)
effect of capacitor mismatch
effect of circuit noise
effect of clock jitter
effect of finite amplifier gain
effect of integrator settling
sources of distortion
Switched-current (SI)
current cells
DACs
ΣΔ modulators
System-level
design
simulation
System on chip (SoC)
Test
Bench
Equipment
Instruments
set-up
Thermal noise
in active-RC integrators
in amplifiers
in continuous-time ΣΔ modulators
in SC integrators
in SC ΣΔ modulators
in switches
Timing
Transceiver
Transconductors
design considerations
front-end transconductor
loop-filter transconductor
unit transconductor
Transformation
LP-BP transformation
impulse-invariant transformation (IIT)
Trimming
Tuning
Unit elements
unit capacitors
unit resistors
unit transconductors
Unit circle
Unity signal transfer function (USTF)
Verification
Verilog
Voltage reference, see Reference voltage
Voltage supply, see Supply voltage
White noise
amplifier white noise, see Thermal noise in amplifiers
kT/C noise, see kT/C noise
switch white noise, see Thermal noise in switches
white noise approximation
Windowing
