1.3. Periodic and Aperiodic Signals
1.9. Frequency Response and Linearity
2.1. Concepts Underlying the Decibel and its Use in Sound Systems
2.1.1. Converting Voltage Ratios to Power Ratios
2.1.3. The Decibel as a Power Ratio
2.1.4. Finding Other Multipliers
2.2. Measuring Electrical Power
2.3. Expressing Power as an Audio Level
2.5. The Decibel in Acoustics—LP, LW, and LI
2.6. Acoustic Intensity Level (LI), Acoustic Power Level (LW), and Acoustic Pressure Level (LP)
2.6.1. Acoustic Intensity Level, LI
2.10. A Decibel is a Decibel is a Decibel
2.12. The Equivalent Level (LEQ) in Noise Measurements
2.16. Finding the Logarithm of a Number to Any Base
2.19. The VU and the Volume Indicator Instrument
2.19.1. The VU Impedance Correction
2.19.2. How to Read the VU Level on a VI Instrument
2.20. Calculating the Number of Decades in a Frequency Span
2.21. Deflection of the Eardrum at Various Sound Levels
2.25. The Acoustical Meaning of Harmonic Distortion
2.25.1. Calculating the Maximum Allowable Total Harmonic Distortion in an Arena Sound System
2.26. Playback Systems in Studios
Chapter 3. Acoustic Environment
3.5. Temperature-Dependent Velocity
3.6. The Effect of Altitude on the Velocity of Sound in Air
3.9. Reflection and Refraction
3.10. Effect of a Space Heater on Flutter Echo
3.12. Classifying Sound Fields
3.12.2. Diffuse (Reverberant) Fields
3.13. The Acoustic Environment Indoors
4.1. Building Block Components
Chapter 5. Power Supply Design
5.4. Influence of Signal Type on Power Supply Design
5.5. High Current Power Supply Systems
5.6. Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectification
5.7. Direct Current Supply Line Ripple Rejection
5.8. Voltage Regulator Systems
5.11. Integrated Circuit (Three Terminals) Voltage Regulator ICs
III. Preamplifiers and Amplifiers
Chapter 6. Introduction to Audio Amplification
Chapter 7. Preamplifiers and Input Signals
7.2. Signal Voltage and Impedance Levels
7.3. Gramophone Pick-Up Inputs
7.3.1. Ceramic Piezo-Electric Cartridges
7.5. Moving Coil Pick-up Head Amplifier Design
7.6.2. Systems Using Paralleled Input Transistors
7.6.3. Monolithic Super-Matched Input Devices
7.6.4. Small Power Transistors as Input Devices
Voltage amplifiers and controls
7.12. Output Voltage Characteristics
7.13. Voltage Amplifier Design
7.14. Constant-Current Sources and “Current Mirrors”
7.16. Audibility of Distortion
7.17. General Design Considerations
7.18.3. Channel Balance Controls
Chapter 8. Interfacing and Processing
8.2. Radio Frequency Filtration
8.4. Subsonic Protection and High-Pass Filtering
8.6. What Are Process Functions?
8.6.1. Common Gain Control (Panel Attenuator)
8.6.2. Remotable Gain Controls (Machine Control)
8.6.3. Remote Control Considerations
8.6.4. Compression and Limiting
9.2. Control of Operating Bias
9.4. Basic Junction Transistor Circuit Configurations
9.6. Thermal Dissipation Limits
9.7. Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFETs)
9.8. Insulated Gate FETs (MOSFETs)
9.9. Power BJTs vs Power MOSFETs as Amplifier Output Devices
9.11. Useful Circuit Components
Chapter 10. Audio Amplifier Performance
10.1. A Brief History of Amplifiers
10.3. The Three-Stage Architecture
10.4.11. Variations on Class-B
10.4.12. Error-Correcting Amplifiers
10.4.13. Nonswitching Amplifiers
10.4.14. Current-Drive Amplifiers
10.4.15. The Blomley Principle
10.5. AC- and DC-Coupled Amplifiers
10.6. Negative Feedback in Power Amplifiers
Chapter 11. Valve (Tube-Based) Amplifiers
11.3. Valve Audio Amplifier Layouts
11.4. Single-Ended Versus Push–Pull Operation
11.7. Output (Load-Matching) Transformer
12.1. Amplifier Stability and Negative Feedback
12.2. Maximizing Negative Feedback
Chapter 13. Noise and Grounding
13.1. Audio Amplifier Printed Circuit Board Design
13.1.2. Rail Induction Distortion
13.1.3. Mounting of Output Devices
13.1.4. Single- and Double-Sided Printed Circuit Boards
13.1.5. Power Supply Printed Circuit Board Layout
13.1.6. Power Amplifier Printed Circuit Board Layout Details
13.3. Ground Loops: How They Work and How to Deal with Them
13.3.1. Hum Injection by Mains Grounding Currents
13.3.2. Hum Injection by Transformer Stray Magnetic Fields
13.3.3. Hum Injection by Transformer Stray Capacitance
13.5. Mechanical Layout and Design Considerations
Chapter 14. Digital Audio Fundamentals
14.2. What is an Audio Signal?
14.5. Some Digital Audio Processes Outlined
14.6. Time Compression and Expansion
14.7. Error Correction and Concealment
14.11. Rotary Head Digital Recorders
Chapter 15. Representation of Audio Signals
15.3. Elementary Logical Processes
15.4. The Significance of Bits and Bobs
15.5. Transmitting Digital Signals
15.6. The Analogue Audio Waveform
15.10. Sampling and Quantizing
16.1. Problems with Digital Encoding
16.1.3. Translation Nonlinearity
16.1.4. Detection and Correction of Transmission Errors
16.1.5. Filtering for Bandwidth Limitation and Signal Recovery
16.2. The Record-Replay System
Chapter 17. Digital Audio Recording Basics
17.2. Recording Media Compared
17.3. Some Digital Audio Processes Outlined
17.3.2. The Programmable Delay
17.6. An Open Reel Digital Recorder
17.7. Rotary Head Digital Recorders
17.8. Digital Compact Cassette
Chapter 18. Digital Audio Interfaces
18.1. Digital Audio Interfaces
18.1.1. AES/EBU or IEC958 Type 1 Interface
18.1.2. The SPDIF or IEC985 Type 2 Interface
18.1.4. Practical Digital Audio Interface
18.1.5. TOSlink Optical Interface
18.1.6. Transmission of AES3-Formatted Data by Unbalanced Coaxial Cable
18.2. MADI (AES10–1991) Serial Multichannel Audio Digital Interface
19.2. Intermediate Compression Systems
19.3. Psychoacoustic Masking Systems
19.4. MPEG Layer 1 Compression (PASC)
19.5. MPEG Layer 2 Audio Coding (MUSICAM)
Chapter 20. Digital Audio Production
20.1. Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs)
20.1.2. Low-Cost Audio Editing
20.1.3. Professional Audio Editing
20.5. Disks and Other Peripheral Hardware
20.6. Hard Drive Interface Standards
Chapter 21. Other Digital Audio Devices
21.2. High Definition Compatible Digital (HDCD)
21.6. Transcribing a Recording by Computer
V. Microphone and Loudspeaker Technology
Chapter 22. Microphone Technology
22.3. Nature of Response and Directional Characteristics
22.5. Microphone Connectors, Cables, and Phantom Power
23.2. Characteristic Impedance
23.6. Sound Pressure Produced at Distance r
23.8. Diaphragm/Suspension Assembly
23.16. Moving Coil Loudspeaker
Chapter 24. Loudspeaker Enclosures
24.1.1. Loudspeaker Drive-Unit Basics
24.1.2. Loudspeaker Sensitivity versus Efficiency
24.2. The Interrelation of Components
24.2.1. What Loudspeakers Look Like to the Amplifier
25.2. Pros and Cons of Headphone Listening
VI. Sound Reproduction Systems
26.3. The Physics of Magnetic Recording
26.8. Recording Formats—Analogue Machines
Chapter 27. Recording Consoles
27.2. Standard Levels and Level Meters
27.2.3. PPM Dynamic Performance
27.3. Standard Operating Levels and Line-Up Tones
27.5. Sound Mixer Architecture and Circuit Blocks
27.6.1. Microphone Preamplifiers
27.6.3. Equalizers and Tone Controls
27.6.6. Effect Send and Return
Chapter 28. Video Synchronization
28.3. Cathode Ray Tube and Raster Scanning
28.7. Analogue Video Interfaces
28.8.1. The 4:2:2 Protocol Description—General
28.9. Embedded Digital Audio in the Digital Video Interface
28.10.1. Longitudinal Time Code (LTC)
29.2.1. External Airborne Noise
29.2.2. Internally and Locally Generated Noise
29.3. Studio and Control Room Acoustics
VII. Audio Test and Measurement
Chapter 30. Fundamentals and Instruments